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Each of the above stated demands can be carried out on single 
ingredient parts of the cartographic presentation, but it is much 
more adequate to do it through their purposeful combining. It 
has quite certainly much greater importance for the formation of 
the efficient cartographic visualisation, and thus also for the 
cartographic presentation appropriate to the user. In the process 
of carried out research (Franges 1998, 2000a, 2000b, 2002; 
Franges et al. 2000, 2001a, 2001b) the following demands were 
made for map visualisation: legibility, clearness, accuracy, 
plainness, and aesthetic. Their realisation requires the fulfilment 
of some conditions (Figure 3). 
The order of the above stated demands is not especially 
important, because some demands are overlapping in part, and 
some are mutually opposed or set additional conditions for their 
successful realisation. 
  
  
LEGIBILITY 
- minimal sizes 
- graphic density 
- diferentiation of 
known features 
CLEARNES 
- simplicity 
- contrasting quality 
- layer arrangement 
  
  
  
  
  
  
        
   
   
ACCURACY AESTHETIC 
- positioning - harmony 
accuracy - beauty 
  
- accuracy signs 
  
  
  
PLAINNESS 
- symbolism 
- traditionalism 
- hierarchic 
organisation 
  
  
  
Figure 3. Demands posed upon cartographic visualisation 
and conditions that should be fulfilled 
in order to meet these demands 
Good cartographic visualisation with adequate resolution, well- 
defined symbols, harmonious usage of colour, good legibility 
and optimally placed titles and optimal graphic density attracts 
users and gives them more information more quickly. Thereby it 
is especially important to apply colours systematically, e. g. 
according to the principle of similarity with the real situation in 
the nature or by adopting symbols. Also, the same objects 
should be presented in the same colour, different colour 
intensity should be associated according to the importance of an 
object, etc. The appearance of symbols should be almost 
perfect, because with their ability to express and save space on 
the map they can replace the presentation similar to plan with a 
description or they can intervene with additional information. 
Map symbols can vary differently, e. g. size, shape or colour, so 
that the map appearance be optimal. 
4.3 Some examples 
The most important changes in cartography are connected with 
the development of computer technology and GIS, and with 
regard to the function and usage of maps, the accent is given to 
cartographic visualisation. New encouragement to the 
visualisation of GIS-data comes from animation, multimedia 
presentation, Internet, WWW etc. Some examples of various 
possibilities in cartographic visualisation are given further in the 
text. Figure 4 shows the interactive internet map of Dubrovnik 
(Zupan, 2003). Figure 5 shows VIP navigator uses GIS tools 
(VIP, 2003). Figure 6 gives the segment of the visualisation of 
GIS of cultural and historical objects in the centre of the city of 
Zagreb (Vukadinovié, 2003). 
  
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Figure 5. VIP navigator uses GIS tools. 
S. CONCLUSION 
Modern cartography has the task to develop and research new 
methods of cartographic visualisation. For that purpose the 
knowledge about cartographic presentation of geoinformation 
must be connected with the contemporary digital techniques of 
visualisation. The most powerful connections between 
cartography and GIS are exactly cartographic visualisation tools 
and their possibilities of presenting the data of synthesis and 
analysis derived from GIS.