On the other hand, in the area adjacent to the 
forest decline area, deforestation had been started by 
1983. The images show that deforestation proceeded 
in 1986 and 1989 to avoid the forest decline area. It 
can also be seen from the image observed in 1991, 
preparation was made to clear-cut all of the remaining 
healthy trees. And Fig. 5 shows cutting area in a 
fishbone pattern. 
5. CONCLUSION 
Using satellite images, LANDSAT/MSS images, 
we detected forest decline area and changes of forest 
decline. And we guessed the reason of forest decline. 
In this detection, we understood that forest decline 
area increased constantly. This result suggest that 
forest decline was caused by not only dry stress but 
also other reason. 
Multi-temporal satellite data is useful in that 
one can easily investigate the status of forest decline 
or deforestation and its change with time by using the 
data. In addition, multi-temporal satellite data can also 
be used as data for analyzing the background and 
causes of forest decline/deforestation. The author is 
going to study further the effectiveness of multi- 
temporal satellite data through further case studies. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
The author sincerely thanks Prof. Dr. Yuri I. 
Maniko, Dr. Galina A. Gladkova and Galina N. 
Butovets in the Biology and Pedology Institute of the 
Russian Academy of Science for their cooperation to 
this research. 
REFERENCES 
Armin, R., and Antony, S., 1992. Siberia's threatened 
forests, Nature, 355(23), pp.293-294 
Satoru, K., Norihisa, K., and Yoshio, A., 1997. 
Forest decline due to smelter emission in 
Monchegorsk, Russia, and its implications to 
sustainable resource use. Journal of the Japan society 
of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 36(6), 
pp.72-78 
Yuri, I. Maniko, and Galina, A. Gladkova, 1993. On 
the history of hypothesis for fir-spruce forests drying 
in the Far Eas. nou«sgoneAedn e, Moscow, 9, 
pp.94-96 
Yuri, I. Maniko, Galina, A. Gladkova, Galina, N.. 
and Norihisa, K., 1998. An Experience 
of monitoring fir-spruce forest decline in the central 
Butovets, 
sikhote-alin. mn e c oB e a e H ue, Moscow, pp.3-16. 
722 Intemational Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 7, Budapest, 1998