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| Asia: 15th 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 5. Hakodate 1998 
PLAN, EXECUTION AND RAPRESETATION OF AN ARCHITECTONIC SURVEY: 
THE TORRAZZO OF CREMONA, ITALY 
Caterina BALLETTI, Luca PILOT 
Laboratorio di Fotogrammetria - Centro Interdipartimentale di Rilevo, Cartografia e Elaborazione 
Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia 
E-mail: balletti@brezza.iuav.unive.it - pilot@brezza.iuav.unive.it 
Raffaella BRUMANA 
DIIAR Dipartimento di Ingegneria Idraulica Ambientale e del Rilevamento - Sezione Rilevamento 
Politecnico di Milano 
E-mail: brumanar@idraS.iar.polimi.it 
Commission V, Working Group 5 
KEY WORDS: Historical Buildings, Susteneable Intervention, Data Survye, Raster - Vector Integration, Model. 
Abstract 
The Torrazzo di Cremona results in being an example of a particularly interesting survey both for its uniqueness and for its 
complexity. 
The survey, inserted in a static and conservation restoration project, had to provide for the shape of the tower in its external 
and internal parts, through profiles of the vertical development, horizontal sections at different heights, in order to construct 
a structural model of finished elements. 
The survey data constitute a numeric model of the monument, obtained by the determination of a significant set of 
topographical points surveyed with different instrument, some innovations in the survey of architecture. The work done 
has provided the possibility of effecting a series of technological experiments both for that which concerns methods and 
instruments, and for the approach itself to the understanding and representation of an architecture such as the subject of 
this paper. 
  
The Torrazzo, which makes up the monumental complex 
of the Duomo of Cremona, is made up of a tower-bell spire 
(12th century) on which an octagonal steeple is imposed, 
called "Ghirlandina," and reaching a height of approximately 
113 meters (112.27m). The structure of the Roman tower 
is pipe shaped in masonry, inside which are found six tall 
rooms and barrel-vaulted covered stairs that turn round the 
four sides of the tower. 
The problem with the survey, a problem which is set on a 
conservative and static restoration plan, is to be able to 
provide the geometrical obstruction of the tower in its internal 
and external parts, through profiles of the vertical 
development, horizontal sections at various heights, vertical 
sections in order to construct a structural model of finished 
elements. 
The phases of the job are charted in: 
topographical and photogrammetrical survey: from the 
plan and simulation of the principle net, to the execution 
of the nets, the photographic settings and the survey of 
topographical detail points; 
e restitution of the survey data through the representation 
of the plans, sections, and facades in orthogonal 
projection; 
e three-dimensional construction of a solid model simplified 
by the subdivision in finished elements and construction 
of a model architectonically more detailed to the 
integration of the representation of the survey data. 
  
  
View of the Torrazzo and the Duomo of Cremona