or color value like it is provided from aerial imagery is also
influenced by the current illumination or direction of view.
One remaining problem of all approaches aiming on the
reconstruction of buildings is the quality control of the
reconstructed city model. In our case this is for example to
define the need for manual interaction. At the moment, this
quality control is mostly based on the visual impression, which
is evaluated by a human operator. Of course an automatic
measurement, which is also required to compare the result to
other approaches should be applied for that purpose. Up to now
the great and yet unsolved problems for an objective evaluation
of the reconstructed buildings mainly result from the lack of a
general model for the object building. These problems are
comparable to the great difficulties for tasks aiming on an
automatic generalization of buildings in 2D. For 3D
applications, where an algorithm has to decide automatically
whether certain parts of a building are relevant or not, these
difficulties are still larger .
7 LITERATURE
Gruen, A., Baltsavias, E., and Henricson, O. (eds.). (1997).
Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial and
Space Images II.
Giilch, E., Müller, H. and Läbe, T. (1999): Integration of
Automatic Processes into Semi-Automatic — Buildingh
Extraction. IAPRS, Vol. 32, Part3-2W5, pp. 177-186
Haala, N. and Brenner, C. (1999): Virtual City Models from
Laser Altimeter and 2D Map Data. Photogrammetric
Engineering & Remote Sensing vol. 65, 7, pp. 787-795.
Krystek, P. (1991): Fully Automatic Measurement of Digital
Elevation Models with MATCH-T. Proceedings of the 43th
Photogrammetric Week, pp. 203-214
Renouard, L. and Lehmann, F. (1999): High Resolution Digital
Surface Models and Orthoimages for Telecom Network
Planning. Photogrammetric Week '99, pp. 241-246
Schliiter, M. (1998): Multi-Image Matching in Object Space on
the Basis of a General 3-D Surface Model Instead of Common
2.5-D Surface Models and its Application for Urban Scenes.
IAPRS, Vol. 32, Part 4, pp. 545-552
Vosselman, G. (1999): Building reconstruction using planar
faces in very high density height data. IAPRS, Vol. 32, Part3-
2W5, pp. 87-92
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, Part 3W14, La Jolla, CA, 9-11 Nov. 1999
Internation
KEY WORDS: LIDA
ABSTRACT
This paper reports the
industrial buildings. T
an integrated method
effects of LIDAR DSN
Error (RMSE) of the d
areas are identified. TI
for categorising the tw
also investigated as a
industrial buildings, a
LIDAR (LIght Dete
established technique
dimensions with decin
1999). Using this new
(DSM) which portray
surface features can b
diversity of applicat
described by Gruen et
is the automatic gener
man-made objects, a
Models (DEMs) by *
(Hug, 1996, Jaafar et a
The fusion of availabl
offers the potential fo
1999, Jaafar et al., 19*
various applications.
models with flat roofs
primitives which cons
well defined or determ
Understanding the nati
or complex) could pla
types, and therefore ir
land use. Jaafar et al. (
the LIDAR DSM resol
the nature of the roo
revealed to some exten
