A second generation spacecraft, Advanced ERS (AERS), designed principally for land 
observations, has been proposed for launch about 1989. It would use the SPOT 
vehicle and SAR from ERS-1, but the other instruments would be replaced by an 
Optical Imaging Instrument (OII) providing six Spectral bands from 0.52 to 2.35 um 
with 30m IFOV, and one panchromatic band with 15m IFOV and 175 km swath. 
Japanese Earth observation spacecraft 
In Japan, the Science and Technology Agency has undertaken an extensive study pro- 
gram for Marine Observation satellites (MOS). The first spacecraft, MOS-1, shown 
in Figure 5, will carry a multispectral electronic self-scanning radiometer (MESSR) 
to measure sea surface colour with a 50m IFOV for a 100 km swath in four spectral 
bands between 0.51 and 1.10 um. A visible and thermal infrared radiometer (VTIR) 
will measure sea surface temperature over a 500 km swath with one band in the 
visible providing 0.9 km IFOV and three bands in the infrared between 6.0 and 
12.5 um providing 2.6 km IFOV. The third instrument will be a two-frequency 
microwave scanning radiometer (MSR) to measure atmospheric water content. The 
spacecraft will be launched from Tanegashima in 1984 into a 909 km altitude 99.19 
inclination orbit. If MOS-1 is successful a second and third spacecraft may be 
launched as required. 
Microwave Scanning 
Radiometer (MSR) 
Visible and Thermal 
Infrared Radiometer 
(VTIR) 
Solar Paddle 
   
    
Data Collection System 
Antenna 
  
Multispectral Electronic 
S-band Antenna Self-Scanning Radiometer 
(MESSR) 
; Gas Jet Thruster 
VHF antenna — 
X-band Antenna 
Figure 5.--The Japanese Marine Observation Satellite (MOS-1) will carry sensors 
specifically designed to measure ocean surface parameters useful for fishing 
and navigation 
The Science and Technology Agency also conducted preliminary studies for a Land 
Observation Satellite (LOS) with a sensor complement designed primarily for land 
use classification and vegetation analysis. Simultaneously the Ministry of 
International Trade and Industry prepared a separate study for a Mineral and 
Energy Resources Exploration Satellite (MERES) with a sensor payload optimized 
for geologic exploration. At the direction of the National Space Development 
Agency (NASDA) these two concepts have now been combined to a single Earth 
Resources Satellite (ERS-1), unfortunately the same designation employed by ESA. 
ERS-1 will carry a linear array stereo camera with 30m IFOV in four spectral bands 
between 0.51 and 1.10 ym, and an L-band synthetic aperture radar providing 25m 
ground resolution for a 75 km swath. The probable launch date will be 1989-90 
350 
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
   
   
    
   
   
   
  
    
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
    
    
     
     
    
    
   
  
    
    
    
   
  
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