RYEHOUSE PLOT—RYSWICK. 
  
  
the florets awnless or nearly so ; the culm flattened, 
from one foot to three feet high; the root producing 
leafy barren shoots, which add much to the agricul- 
tural value of the grass. This grass is highly 
valued for forage and hay, and is more extensively 
sown for these uses than any other grass, not only in 
Britain, but on the continent of Europe and in North 
America. It grows well even on very poor soils. 
The Common Perennial R. is the kind most generally 
cultivated. A kind called Annual R.—not really 
an annual plant, although useful only for one year— 
is sometimes cultivated; but is, in almost every 
respect, inferior.—Itarian R. (L. Italicum, or L. 
multiflorum, or L. Bouchianwm), a native of the 
  
L, Common Rye-grass; 2, Italian Rye-grass. 
south of Europe, is much esteemed as a forage and 
hay grass. In many soils and situations in Britain 
it succeeds extremely well, and is remarkable for its 
verdure and luxuriance in early spring. Tt is pre- 
ferred by cattle to the Common Rye-grass. The 
young leaves are folded up, whilst those of the 
Common R. are rolled together.—There are many 
varieties of Rye-grass. It is nowhere so much 
valued or cultivated as in Britain. It was culti- 
vated in England before the end of the 17th 
century. - Italian R. was introduced into Britain in 
1831 by Mr Thomson of Banchory and Messrs 
Lawson and Son of Edinburgh. R. is generally 
sown along with some kind of corn, and vegetating 
for the first year amongst the corn, appears in the 
second year as the proper crop of the field. 
RYE'HOUSE PLOT. In 1683, at the same time 
that a scheme was formed in England among the 
leading Whigs to raise the nation in arms against 
Charles II., a subordinate scheme was planned by 
a few fiercer spirits of the party, including Colonél 
Rumsey and Lieutenant-colonel Walcot, two mili- 
tary adventurers; Goodenough, under-sheriff of 
London ; Ferguson, an independent minister ; and 
several attorneys, merchants, and tradesmen of 
London—the object of which was to waylay and 
394 
  
e 
assassinate the king on his return from Newmarket, 
The deed was to be perpetrated at a farm belon ing 
to Rumboldt, one of the conspirators, called the 
Ryehouse Farm, whence the plot got its name, 
The R. P. is supposed to have been kept concealed 
from Monmouth, Russell, Shaftesbury, and the rest 
of those who took the lead in the greater conspiracy, 
It owed its defeat to the circumstance, that the 
house which the king occupied at Newmarket took 
fire accidentally, and Charles was thus obliged to 
leave that place eight days sooner than wag 
expected. Both the greater and lesser conspiracy 
were discovered before long, and from the connec. 
tion subsisting between the two, it was difficult 
altogether to dissever them. The indignation 
excited by the R. P. was extended to the whole 
Whig party ; Lord Russell, Algernon Sidney, and 
Lieutenant-colonel 'Walcot were brought to the 
block for treason; John Hampden, grandson of hig 
more noted namesake, was fined £40,000; and 
scarcely one escaped who had been concerned: in 
either plot. 
RY'OT (from the Arabic raaya, to pasture, to 
protect, to govern; hence, literally, the governed, 
a subject) is the vernacular term for a Hindu cul- 
tivator or peasant. 
RYOTWAR (literally, according to or with 
ryots) is the term applied to the revenue settle- 
ment which is made by the government officers in 
India with each actual cultivator of the soil for a 
given term—usually a twelvemonth—at a stipulated 
money-rent, without the intervention of a third 
party. This mode of assessment prevails chiefly, 
though not exclusively, in the Madras presidency. 
See H. H. Wilson, Glossary of Judicial and Revenue 
Terms (Lond. 1855), under RATYATWAR. 
RYSBRACH, MicHAEL, a sculptor of con- 
siderable talent, born at Antwerp in 1693. He 
settled in London in 1720, and executed numerous 
works there, in particular the monuments to Sir 
Isaac Newton in Westminster Abbey, and to 
the Duke of Marlborough at Blenheim, a bronze 
equestrian statue of William IIL for the city of 
Bristol, a colossal statue of George IT. for the parade 
at Greenwich Hospital; a Hercules, and busts of 
many of the eminent poets, wits, and politicians of 
his time. Scheemakers, also a native of Antwerp, 
and Roubilliac, a Frenchman, were contemporaries 
and rivals of his, and shared with him most of the 
commissions for works of sculpture in England at 
the period. With Scheemakers was placed asa 
pupil Nollekens, who became so distinguished 
for his busts, and as one of the founders of the 
English school of sculpture. R. died 8th January 
1770. 
RY’SWICK, PEACE 0F, a treaty concluded in 1697 
at Ryswick, a Dutch village between Delft and the 
Hague, which was signed by France, England, and 
Spain on September 20, and by Germany on October 
30. It putan end to the sanguinary contest in which 
England had been engaged with France. It has been 
often said that the only equivalent then received 
by England for all the treasure she had transmitted 
to the continent, and all the blood which had been 
shed there, was an acknowledgment of William's 
title by the king of France; but it must not be 
forgot how much the allies were benefited by the 
check given to the gigantic power and overweening 
ambition of France. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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