photogrammetry of that period was linked with making
1:5000 and 1:2000 scale photomaps of several
residential areas and irrigation basins of water dams.
Aerial stereophotogrammetry was introduced for making
the Large-scale topographic map of the country (1:5000
and 1:10 000) in the end of 1954 when a C-8 Zeiss
Stereoplanigraph was imported. During the next couple
of years deliveries were effected of Zeiss C-5
stereoplanigraphs, Drobishev (Russia) stereometers,
Zeiss stereometrographs and other photogrammetric
apparatus.
3. PRESENT STATE
Nowadays numerous companies and offices in Bulgaria
are developing and using photogrammetry in various
fields of human endeavor in the country and abroad.
Presently we have at our disposal the necessary number
and types of photogrammetric apparatus and systems as
well as qualified specialists capable of coping with any
type and volume of tasks in the field of photogrammetry.
3.1. Production Enterprises
Intensive photogrammetric production is carried out by
. Geoplanproekt Co. for Surveying and Mapping, Geodesia
Co. for Surveying and Mapping (city of Plovdiv) and
National Centre of Cadastre Ltd., belonging to the
system of the Main Department of Cadastre and
Geodesy.
Besides, photogrammetry is applied also by Patproekt
Ltd., a road designing enterprise; Transproekt Ltd., an
enterprise for design of railways and other transport
projects; Agrolesproekt, an enterprise for research and
design of forestry and land management; Niproruda, a
national research and design enterprise for mining
projects; the National Institute for Monuments of Culture,
and elsewhere.
3.2. Education and Research
Training in photogrammetry is the concern mainly of the
Faculty of Geodesy at the University of Civil Engineering,
Architecture and Geodesy in Sofia, as well as of the
respective chairs at the Mining and Geology University
and the Forest University, both in Sofia. Photogrammetry
is also taught in other six technical high schools in the
country.
Research is carried out by the Research in Geodesy and
Photogrammetry Ltd. at the Main Department of
Cadastre and Geodesy as well as by the respective
chairs of the above mentioned technical universities and
by some other research and design institutes. Particular
attention is being paid to automated data processing
systems, aerial triangulation, orthophotoscopy, remote
sensing methods for Earth study and to architectural
photogrammetry.
The 1930 photogrammetry textbook has long been
replaced by other textbooks, instructions, manuals and
technologies while the number of theoretical and applied
8
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996
publications on photogrammetry in year
collections and magazines exceeds 1000.
books,
3.3. Public Activity
Public activity of Bulgarian photogrammetrists is
organized by the Scientific and Technical Section of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing at the Union of
Surveyors and Land Managers in Bulgaria, through
which they are affiliated to the International Society for
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. The section
annually organizes conferences, symposia and
consultations, some of them with international
participation.
4. PRODUCTION
4.1. Aerial Photography
Various parts of the country's territory are periodically
covered by aerial photographs at scales ranging from
1:40 000 to 1:3000, used for a variety of purposes. The
instruments applied are mainly wide-angle and normal-
angle aerial cameras (of focal lengths respectively 15
and 30 cm and 23x23 cm format), made by Zeiss and
Wild. Aerial photos are taken by specially equipped AN-
30 (Russia) and L-410 (Czech) aircraft. Agfa-Gevaert
and Kodak aerial films and diapositives are used.
Photolaboratory equipment used is Zeiss, Pentacon, etc.
Pictures taken of the territory of the country by satelites
are used for economic purposes as complex space
information.
4.2. Topographic Mapping
Principal photogrammetric activity in Bulgaria consists of
making and revision of topographic maps at 1:25 000,
1:10 000, 1:5000 and 1:2000 scales with contour interval
ranging from 10 m to 1 m; urban maps and such of out-
of-town and industrial zones at 1:1000 and 1:500 scales
with 1 m contour interval, as well as maps serving the
special needs of study and design at scales from 1:10
000 to 1:500 and orthophoto maps at 1:10 000, 1:5000
and 1:2000 scales to serve as a basis for rural cadastre.
The 1:25 000 scale map is revised on the basis of aerial
photographs at scales ranging from 1:25 000 to 1:40 000.
The 1:10 000, 1:5000 and 1:2000 scales maps are made
and revised on the basis of aerial photographs at
respective scales from 1:16 000 to 1:30 000 from 1:12
000 to 1:18 000 and from 1:6000 to 1:8000. Making and
revision of urban maps at scales of 1:1000 and 1:500 is
effected from aerial pictures at scales from 1:6000 to
1:3000. Orthophotomaps at scales of 1:5000 and 1:10
000 are made of aerial pictures at respective scales of
1:16 000 and 1:30 000 to serve as a basis for rural
cadastre.
4.3. Special Mapping
Maps at scales ranging from 1:500 to 1:10 000 are made
to meet the special needs of investigation and design of
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