AIREEK FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS. 121 
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sell, considerable as the temptation must have been to attract students by 
siving to all of them the time-honored degree of Bachelor of Arts, were 
Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Letters, and Bachelor 
+f Science, for the respective courses. Then the Johns Hopkins Univer- 
ity, at her beginning in 1876, and Harvard somewhat later, carried the 
principle of limited election inte the high-school curriculum in another 
way, requiring either Greek or Latin, and not both, but admitting the can- 
lidate on the same footing in either case, and giving the degree of Bach- 
slor of Arts. The next step obviously suggested was to admit, and to 
graduate, with neither Greck nor Latin, but to grant the degree in arts 
Jl the same; and this step has been taken by the Leland Stanford 
Tniversity. 
Which of these various solations of the problem is, then, in the light of 
:he history of the degree, the sound one: the requiring of Greek and 
Latin for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, the requiring of one of the two 
anguages only, or the requiring of neither? 
If I have made myself clear in my brief historical sketch, I have shown 
shat, up to the middle of the *70s, the pressure of the scientific side of 
‘he curriculum upon the humanistic, and of the new humanistic upon the 
51d humanistic, had not reached a point that made separation necessary. 
[t is my own opinion that this point has not yet been reached, and that it 
aever will be reached ; that the educated man can and must still have a 
general understanding of the aims and methods of both of these sides of 
auman interest; and that by the end of another century the dividing 
ines will be recognized to be not between classics and science, but be- 
ween the liberal education, in which both literature, classical and ancient, 
nd pure science will play a part, and the technical education, in which 
languages and pure science will play a part only as servants of applied 
science. But if I am wrong, and the point has already been reached, 
shen it seems to me that, just as in the old mass of incompatible studies 
of the thirteenth century, theology, law, and medicine were parted off from 
arts, and received different degrees, so, of the supposedly incompatible 
mass of studies that have come to crowd the course in arts—viz.: those 
that deal with man, and those that deal with nature outside of man—the 
latter, which involve a new conception of education, should take their 
Jeparture from the old course in arts, and devise for themselves a corre- 
sponding new degree—which would naturally be the degree of Bachelor 
of Science. 
The growth of the study of modern languages may be thought to call 
for the setting off of a third scheme of study, with the degree of Bachelor 
of Letters for the evidence of its completion ; and still a fourth scheme 
might be formed in which philosophy and kindred subjects should be 
-egarded as the principal clements, and for the completion of which the 
degree of Bachelor of Philosophy would be the proper evidence. These