(62 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCA TION. 
hips as social beings, and in those which pertain to their immortal des- 
tiny and to their relationship with God; in a word, it means cultiva- 
sion in all those things which pertain to the fullest development of 
man, viewed in the light of all his being, all his relationships, all his 
rights, and all his duties. This development may require various agencies 
for its accomplishment, but it is all included in the true notion of edu- 
cation as understood in Christian civilization ; and whatever the agencies 
co-operating toward it, they are all working for a common end, and ought 
to work together harmoniously. They are co-operating to make the good 
citizen, but, more than that, they are co-operating for the fuller and 
higher perfection that makes the good man ; and to such a degree does 
she lower depend upon the higher, in which it is comprised, that the 
best way to secure the highest civilization and the best citizenship is to 
se careful for the development of the qualities which make the best man. 
This idea, given in ‘Christian civilization, has long had to struggle with 
‘he surviving notions of the old civilization and of the barbarism which 
overthrew it. It is struggling with them in many parts of the world 
to-day. The glamour of martial glory that surrounded the old imperialism 
still has its charm for certain minds, and authors more highly gifted 
with imagination than with philosophy have bewailed the advent of 
Christianity as the introduction of a lower ideal. But clear-sighted 
reason must eventually shake itself free from every such fascination, and 
must recognize that the ideal of man and of humanity, of the state and of 
all civil and social rights, duties, and relationships, which is presented 
oy Christian civilization, is far higher than any ideal the world ever had 
before Christianity appeared on earth. To strive toward that ideal, no 
matter how laboriously, no matter how slowly and through how many 
difficulties, is the destiny of the world, and the duty of every nation, and 
avery community, and every individual that goes to make up the world. 
Advance in its realization is advance in civilization. 
Without any intention of inordinate self-exaltation, and still less with 
any intention of disparaging any other nation, we may still venture to 
assert, in all thankfulness to God, and to the good and noble men who 
vere His instruments in the formulation of our country and principles, 
that the American ideal comes closer to the ideal embodied in Christian 
civilization than does that of any other national organization that we 
know of. The American ideal of the relation between the citizen and 
the man is the truest ; therefore our ideals of civilization and of education 
should also be the truest. Other nations may show more of artistic 
genius and skill in bodying forth forms of beauty in marble, on canvas, 
or in artistic expression of lofty thoughts, whether in poetry or prose. 
None of these things do we undervalue ; we acknowledge that they are 
‘ntegral elements in the full development of civilization ; we are resolved 
not to neglect them : nay, more, in as far as they belong to real advance 
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