314 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION. 
Jifferent tools used by boys in manual-training classes. In general education we have 
reading, writing, arithmetic. natural science, and gymnastics in all the grammar grades, 
and two languages in the higher grades. We do not have the time to give the girls 
the same manual training as the boys have ; besides, we should not like to give up any 
of the hand work for the girls to make room for the hand work for the boys. In any 
school that provides instruction only in the three R’s for the girls, the girls should have 
an opportunity to learn the manual training in paper and cardboard work, and in carv- 
ing, etc. ; but 1 do not like to see a girl or a young woman at work with a plane in 
school. I do not want a woman to work in a blacksmith’s shop, as I saw it in England ; 
nor work at bricklaying, as I saw in towns in the south of Germany ; nor with a girdle 
around her waist. drawing a ship, as may be seen in Holland. 
Dr. Pauvr HorrmaN, Assistant Superintendent New York Public Schools : Much 
manual training can be given in school without the use of tools ; the first three books 
of Euclid can be demonstrated by manual work. [He illustrated this statement by 
folding papers, demonstrating several propositions, and thus showing one phase of 
manual-training work in the New York public schools. ] 
MR. CuarrLEs BENNETT, of New York, believed that manual training was a distinct 
subject of instruction, not a method ; and that the material instruction should go hand 
n hand with the intellectual.