UNIVERSITY ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN TEACHERS. R617 
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to the Association of having a guarantee as to the course of study she has pursued and 
the character she has borne—all the more desirable when there is not the guarantee 
afforded by the certificate of having passed one of the best examinations. 
It is interesting to note that the University of Edinburgh is beginning to adopt, in 
this respect, the custom of the ancient English foundations, and is encouraging its 
students to go into residence and to enjoy the stimulating social influence of college as 
well as university life. 
AssoctATEsarp.—Though, with a view to maintaining its character as a body of 
aniversity women, the Association insists on the foregoing qualifications for ordinary 
members, yet the right is reserved to the committee, under very special circumstances, 
of admitting as Associates some efficient women teachers who, through residence abroad 
or some other cause, may have pursued some other course of study than that generally 
recognized by the committee. 
PRrESIDENTSHIP.—The Association is more than fortunate in having had as its presi- 
dent, from its commencement up to the time of her death, the late honored principal of 
Newnham College, Miss Clough. It was she who, after initiating, with others, the 
scheme for the opening of the senior local examination to girls, and, later, that of the 
North of England Council for Promoting the Higher Education of Women, after work- 
ng ou to the opening of the higher local examinations, and doing perhaps more than any 
other woman has done to give the impetus needed to woman’s education, suggested the 
formation of the University Association of Women Teachers. From the beginning she 
showed her active sympathy with and appreciation of the work done by it in the most 
1elpful of all ways—by giving her personal service and presiding at almost all its 
general meetings ; by passing on notices of work received by her, and by recommending 
amployers to apply to the registry branch for whatever kind of teaching they required. 
She was keenly alive to the various plans for furthering the interests of its members, 
and she looked also beyond the personal interests to that of education itself, to discover, 
with the better material at hand, the uses to which it could be put, not only for the 
benefit of the Association, but for that of the cause generally. She attached the greatest 
-mportance to the effect of university life and training on women teachers, and felt 
strongly the fact that as they had received the best education, they were the best fitted, 
as a whole, to have the charge of the secondary education of girls in their hands. She 
.ooked always to the wider operations of the work done by the Association, and held that 
some kind of supervision by women educated at the universities’ might do much to 
remedy the inefficiency of girls’ schools, 
The hope of gaining Miss Clough’s approbation in any plan for the advancement of 
the aims and objects of the Association, and the confidence placed in the wise advice she 
zave, inspired its promoters with courage and confidence, and went far to insure its 
success. 
Since February, 1892, the Association has been without a president. It was felt that 
it would be difficult to put any one in Miss Clough’s place, and that the Association 
might well mark its sense of this by keeping the position vacant for a time. 
Tue CommiTTEE.—The affairs of the Association are administered by a committee of 
iwelve, who willingly devote their time and thought to carrying on the work. This 
committee is as nearly as possible representative of the colleges which supply the mem- 
vership, and it is also chosen as nearly as possible to represent, in due proportion, the 
2lements in the teaching profession of which the Association is made up. Further, it is 
she duty of the committee, besides administering the affairs of the Association, to keep 
abreast of educational movements, and of legislative proposals affecting teachers (regis- 
iration bills, secondary education bills, ete.); to examine and discover the best educa- 
ional methods (those which obtain maximum efficiency with minimum expenditure of 
power), and, by giving proofs of the power and capacity of its members. to secure free.