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Present Organisation of the German Universities. 
the succession. The admission of ,,Privatdocents®, in accordance with 
the regulations for qualification, is likewise the business of the facul- 
lies. Also the bestowal of academical degrees, although it takes 
place under the authority of the whole University, is exclusively a 
matter of the faculties. For conducting its business each faculty 
slects for one year a Dean from its members. The election has to 
be communicated to the Ministry. 
The teaching-staff of the University is composed of ordinary 
professors, honorary professors, extraordinary professors, ,privat- 
docents®, and lecturers (lectors), to whom must be added technical 
teachers and instructors of bodily exercises. In several Universities 
also ,,commissioned teachers“ are employed, who do not belong to 
the academical staff, and, as a rule, are admitted only for such sub- 
jects as are not represented in the ordinary curriculum. 
4. The ordinary professors are appointed by the reigning 
Sovereign, on a motion of the Ministry, who, as a rule, take into con- 
sideration the proposals of the faculty. They are government 
officials, but in many respects occupy a special position. They form 
the real permanent teaching-staff of the University, and, as a rule, 
they alone have the right of voting, as occasion presents itself. From 
their midst also proceeds the representative, whom, according to the 
current constitutional regulations, the Universities delegate to the Diet 
of their State. 
Each ordinary professor receives a teaching commission for a 
definite subject, but is entitled to deliver lectures on any subject 
within the scope of his faculty, and according to the statutes of 
some Universities, also on all branches of study that belong to other 
faculties. As a rule, he is explicitly bound only to announce a public 
(gratis) lecture or a gratis series of exercises as a special course 
‘privatissimum) and a private lecture. The public lectures, which in 
older times formed the chief duty of the professors, are now-a-davs 
delivered mostly in only one or two weekly hours. 
The income of the professors, arising from their appointments, 
is regulated in a manner entirely different from that which prevails 
for other officials. In addition to a fixed salary they draw a hono- 
carium for their private lectures, and fees for graduation and other 
examinations. As Rector and as Dean thev have. besides. special 
sources of income. 
The payment of the ordinary professors was rearranged in 
Prussia in the vear 1897. on the principle of increase throuch length 
5