Technical Schools. 
171 
with building, by giving them an opportunity of acquiring the theoretical 
knowledge and the skill necessary for successfully and independently 
carrying on their trade; 2. the educating of assistants in the office 
and in practical building (draughtsmen, overseers, superintendents of 
offices. and building operations); 3. the preparation for intermediate 
technical official work (such as that of clerk to a board of works, 
technical government and railway secretaries, etc.). 
According to the regulations in Prussia, admission to the School 
is obtained by the pupil showing that he has received a good 
elementary education, that he has completed his sixteenth year, and 
that he has been practically employed, for at least two summers, in 
building and in workshops. For those who are as yet insufficiently 
prepared there are introductory classes. Several Building-trade Schools, 
in addition to the department of achitecture, have another for the 
construction of underground works, roads. waterworks. bridges, rail- 
wavs, etc. 
Pupils must attend the school for four half-years, which need 
aot be taken in immediate succession, but may be interrupted by 
practical work in summer. This explains the great difference be- 
ween the summer and the winter attendance in the single schools. 
In the two lower half-yearly classes the pupils in the two de- 
partments are taught together, in the two higher classes the in- 
struction is separate. At the conclusion of the course a final exami- 
ration takes place. Further particulars as to these schools are 
supplied in the table on page 172. 
In Bavaria there are 8 Building-trade Schools, in Saxony 5 supported 
bv the government, and 7 by towns or other bodies, in Wiirttemberg 
there is one, in the other States there are, partly in connection with 
other schools, 17 public and 7 private institutions of this kind. 
4. For pottery and tile making there are in Prussia 3, in 
Bavaria 2, in the other Federal States 2 professional schools. besides 
one such for glass instruments. 
By ,Handwerkerschulen (Artisan or Trade Schools) are 
meant those schools in which, for various handicrafts, tull day teaching 
is given, although the course may be one of only a year or half a year. 
Such schools are often called ,,Gewerbeschulen® (,industrial schools®) 
or _Kunstgewerbeschulen® (,,industrial schools of art®), and as drawing 
is the chief subject of instruction in these, they can frequently not 
he easily distinguished from the higher Industrial Schools of Art.