Agricultural Professional Education. 
179 
ished by municipalities, chambers of commerce, or other societies; 
many of them also are private institutions. 
9. The commercial continuation schools correspond to the in- 
dustrial ones, and are attended chiefly by commercial apprentices in 
their spare time. In Prussia their number amounted, in the year 
1903, to 253, with 25927 pupils. In 157 of them. with 12923 pupils. 
the attendance was compulsory. 
3. Agricultural Professional Education. 
i The intermediate agricultural education is represented in 
Prussia by the Agricultural Schools. They have the character of 
Realschulen; their three classes correspond to the lower tertia, the 
upper tertia, and the lower secunda. Frequently also a preparatory 
school with three classes is connected with them. To the subjects of 
1 Realschule is added as a special subject rural economy, to which 
from four to six weekly hours are devoted, while natural science 
sccupies a comparatively important position, from eight to ten weekly 
hours. This produces, on the other hand, the necessity of restricting 
the teaching in other subjects, namely, in German and foreign lan- 
guages, history, geography, and mathematics. 
Among the ordinary teachers there is at least one who has 
bassed the State examination for teachers of agriculture in agricultural 
schools, and who is consequently in possession of the leaving certifi- 
~ate of a Gymnasium, Realgymnasium, or higher Realschule. As objects 
of the special teaching apparatus of agricultural institutions, besides 
the collections of various kinds, are to be mentioned experimental 
fields, fruit and vegetable gardens. Moreover excursions are 
made to neighbouring estates, to agricultural exhibitions, etc. 
As the end of 1903. the number of agricultural schools in Prussia 
was 16. 
9. The Farming Schools are intended for the directly practical 
training of agriculturists. The pupils, of the age of 15 to 20, are 
mostly sons of farm owners Or tenants. They are established, partly 
yy individual practical agriculturists, partly by agricultural societies, 
partly by endowments. All, however, are under State control, 
and nearly all of them receive subsidies from the State or from public 
corporations. They are situated in the country, in connection with a 
smaller or a middle-sized estate. The head of the estate, whether 
swner. tenant, or manager, is at the same time director of the in- 
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