3 
Universities. 
However, superannuation takes place, as a fact, only at the desire 
of the person concerned. In the case of Tiibingen, in the computation 
of the pension, 2000 M. are counted in addition to the salary, as a 
compensation for the college fees, but the pension may not exceed 
the maximum of 6000 M. 
8. With respect to the provision for the families of deceased 
salaried professors, there still exist, dating from former times, in the 
Prussian Universities, widow-funds, partly with considerable capital; 
but since 1889 no further contributions have been levied on members, but 
the state adds to the revenues of the capital a sum sufficient to 
allow payment of the fixed pensions of widows and orphans. These 
pensions, without regard to the duration of office of the deceased, 
amount for the widow of an ordinary professor to 1650 M., for one 
of an extraordinary professor to 1300 M., for the eldest child (up to 
its twenty-first completed year or till marriage) to 480 M., for each 
successive one to 300 M.; for one orphaned of both parents to 
720 M., for each successive one to 480 M. 
Also in the other Universities regulations exist for the provision 
for the families of deceased professors. 
9. With respect to their disciplinary relations, the professors of 
che German Universities are subject to the regulations applicable to 
other officials in their State. 
10. The ,,privatdocents® are teachers who, after complying with 
certain regulations, are admitted to independent function, under the 
authority of and in the University. They may not only make use of 
the rooms of the University, but their lectures, attended by students, 
count for the latter in the same manner as those delivered by an 
ordinary professor. They also draw college fees in the same way as 
the professors, but in Prussia, when the amount should exceed the 
fixed limits, they would of course not be liable to the deduction or- 
dained for the salaried professors. Sometimes they receive a teaching 
commission and, in that case, also a remuneration, but they have no 
claim to such a privilege, of which they can again at any time be 
deprived. In the Prussian and also in some other Universities, 
,privatdocents® can also receive bursaries. In the Prussian educational 
estimates 60000 M. are set apart for this purpose. Each single one 
shall not receive more than a total of 6000 M., and this sum is, as a 
rule, spread over five years. When the official labours of the 
sprivatdocent prove satisfactory, he receives, in Prussia, from the 
Minister. after some vears. the title of professor. without passing