ANDAMANS—ANDERSON.
coast lie tracts of land still more barren ; and the
level strip extending between the mouths of the
Guadalquivir and the Tinto, is covered with moving
sands. On the whole, A. is still one of the most
fertile districts of Spain, owing to its delicious
southern climate and the abundance of water sup-
plied by its snowy mountains. Its breed of horses
has long been celebrated, and the mules are superior
to those of other countries. The Sierra Morena
mountains supply the wild cattle exhibited in the
bull-fights of Madrid. The natural riches of the
district have at various times invited colonists and
invaders, such as the Phcenicians and the Moors.
The Andalusians are regarded as among the most
lively, imaginative, and active people of Spain.
But they are also comsidered by the rest of their
countrymen to be the Gascons—the braggarts and
boasters of Spain. Apparently they have never at
any time been warlikeé, since even Livy calls them
wmbelles. They are, like all braggarts, extremely
credulous, and are, besides, remarkable for their
intense superstition. The worship of the Virgin
prevails to such an extent that the very country is
called La Tierra de la Santisima, ¢the Land of
the Most Holy Virgin.’” They speak a dialect of
Spanish mixed with Arabic. The chief towns of A.
are named after the four ancient provinces into
which it was divided—Seville, Cordova, Jaen, Cadiz,
(q. v.). Area 27,217 miles. Pop. 2,800,000.
A'NDAMANS, a group of thickly wooded islands
towards the east side of the Bay of Bengal, between
10° and 14° of N. lat., and about 93° of E. long.
The population is both barbarous and scanty, and
bears no resemblance whatever either in physical
features or language to the neighbouring Asiatic races.
In 1793 the Great Andaman received a British
colony, which was withdrawn, however, in 1796. Since
1857, the A. have been selected as a penal settlement
for sepoy mutineers, though the design has not, at
least on any large scale, been carried into effect. It
is only physically, in short, that the A. deserve
special mention, not so much from their presenting
in themselves any remarkable features, as from their
being a portion of the long arch, mostly volcanie, of
the Indian Archipelago, which, with Timor at its
bend, comprises the Moluccas, Celebes, the Philip-
pines, and Formosa, on the one side; and on the
other side the Sunda Isles, Java, Sumatra, the
Nicobars, and the A.—the outline only requiring
to be filled up in imagination, in order to produce a
peninsula harmonising more or less with the other
southern projections of the world, Hindostan, Africa,
and South America.
ANDA'NTE (Italian), in Music, implies a move-
ment somewhat slow and sedate, but in a gentle and
soothing style. This term is often modified, both as
to time and style, by the addition of other words—
as A. affetiuoso, slow, but pathetically ; A. cantabile,
slow, but in a singing style; 4. con moto, slow, but
with emotion ; 4. grazioso, slow but gracefully; A.
maestoso, slow, with majesty ; A. non troppo, slow,
but not too much so; A. pastorale, slow, and with
pastoral simplicity.
A'NDERNACH, a little town belonging to the
district of Coblenz on the Rhine, in lat. 50° 27’ N,
long. 7° 25" E., was once a Roman fortress styled
Antunnacum, then a residence of the Merovingian
kings, and afterwards became one of the most
flourishing places on the Rhine. The great tower
on the north side, the fine old church—with one
tower built in the Carlovingian times—and the old
gates and walls, give quite a medieval aspect to the
town. It now contains about 3500 people, supported
by trade in leather, wine, and corn, and is especially
celebrf&ted for its millstones, exported to distant
23
parts of the world, and for its fuffstein or trass, an
indurated volcanic mud, which, when pulverised and
mixed with lime, makes a mortar or cement for
constructions under water.
ANDERSEN, Haxs CHRISTIAN, one of the most
gifted poets that Denmark has recently produced,
was born April 2, 1805, at Odense in Funen. His
father was a poor shoemaker, who used, however, to
console himself by speaking of the former prosperity
and wealth of his family. After his father’s death,
he was for a short time employed in a manufactory.
The widow of Bunkeflod, a poet of some reputation,
charitably adopted him. He early displayed a talent
for poetry, and was known in his native place as
¢the comedy-writer.” Hoping to obtain an engage-
ment in the theatre, he went to Copenhagen, but
was rejected because he was too lean. He was next
encouraged to hope for success as a singer ; but had
hardly commenced his musical studies when his
voice failed. He found generous friends, however,
to help him in his distress; and application having
been made by one of them to the king, he was placed
at an advanced school at the public expense, and so
began his academic education in 1828. Some of his
poems, particularly one entitled 7he Dying Child,
had already been favourably received, and he now
became better known by the publication of his
Walk to Amak, a literary satire in the form of a
humorous narrative. In 1830, he published the first
collected volume of his Poems, and in 1831 a second,
under the title of Fantasies and Sketches. His
Travelling Sketches (Skyggebilleder ofen Reise til
Harzen, &c.) were the fruit of a tour in the north of
Germany. A pension from the king now enabled
him to visit Germany, France, Switzerland, and
Italy. In Switzerland he completed his Agnes and
the Merman ; and one of his best works, 7%e Impro-
visatore, a series of scenes depicted in a glowing style,
and full of poetic interest, was the fruit of his visit
to Italy. Soon afterwards, he produced O. 7' (1835),
a novel containing vivid pictures of northern scenery
and manners, which was followed (1837) by another,
entitled Only a Fiddler (Kun en Spillemand). In
1840, he produced a romantic drama, entitled 7%e
Mulatto, which was well received ; but another
drama, Raphaella, was less successful. In the same
year appeared his Picture-book without Pictures, a
series of the finest imaginative sketches. Exhausted
by his labours, he sought recreation in the end of
1840 in a somewhat lengthened tour in Italy and
the East, of which he gave an account in 4 Poet’s
Bazaar (1842). After his return, appeared 7%e
Flower of Fortune, a dramatised fable, and three
series of tales, some of which had previously
appeared, and by which the popularity of A. was
greatly extended, and particularly in Germany. His
works have been translated, not only into German,
but into English and other languages, although the
beauties of his style, more than of many authors,
are unavoidably lost in translation. His Dying
Child has been translated into the language of
Greenland. Besides the works above mentioned,
he is the author of Ahasuerus, a mythical drama,
and of 7%e Two Baronesses, a tale illustrative of
Danish society.
ANDERSON, JamEes, LL.D., a writer on politi-
cal economy and agriculture, was born in 1739 at the
village of Hermiston, near Edinburgh. He lost both:
his parents when very young, so that the manage-
ment of a large farm, which had been in the posses-
sion of the family for a long time, devolved upon
himself. Recognising the practical importance of a
knowledge of chemistry to a farmer, he attended the
chemistry class in the university of Edinburgh, and
brought the results of his study to bear on hig
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