ANGLING—ANGLO-CATHOLIC CHURCH.
with in pairs, and well separated. In throwing the
cast, the lowermost or trail-fly should be made to
alight foremost ; its fall ought to be almost imper-
ceptible ; it should come down on the water like a
gossamer followed by the droppers. The moment
a fly touches the surface, it is fen times more apt to
raise a fish than during the act of drawing it along.
At no time are we stanch advocates for the system
of leading our hooks either against or across a
stream ; our method is rather to shake them over
it for a moment, and then repeat the throw. A
trout will discover your fly at the distance of
several yards, if feeding, and will dart at it like
lightning.
¢Trout will sometimes take in the most unlikely
weathers, so that the angler should not despair at
any time. Hunger causes them to feed at least
once in the twenty-four hours, and generally much
oftener. If the wind blows down the river, com-
mence at the pool-head, and fish every inch of good
water ; you may pass over the very rough and very
shallow parts, also those which are absolutely dead
calm and clear, unless you see fish rising in them,
when, should your tackle be light, there is no harm in
taking a throw or two. Dead water, however, when
rippled or discoloured, may be angled in with great
success.’
The following remarks and hints apply chiefly to
trout-fishing in streams, and may be found of service
to those who follow that delightful recreation. As
a rule, fish up, especially when the water is clear,
and the wind not directly down-stream: the advan-
tages are, that the fish do not so readily detect the
presence of the angler—their heads being directed
up the water; they are more easily hooked; and
when a large trout is hooked, he may be landed
down-stream, thus saving the water above for fur-
ther operations. The practice of angling up-stream is
somewhat difficult at first, but a little practice works
wonders, and is sure to bring its reward ultimately.
Gut should be round, clear, strong, and fine; the
finer it is, consistent with strength, the better, as it
scares fewer fish than coarser material. Trout-flies
for ordinary use in rivers such as Tweed, &e., should
be dressed rather sparely, and should be small;
some half-dozen varieties, such as those already
enumerated, will be found amply sufficient; and
were we asked to choose three kinds as being more
valuable than any others, our choice would incline
to a red hackle, a black hackle, and a woodcock-
wing dressed with hare-ear body. For turbid or
dark water, however, the size may be increased, and
the dressing be made rather gaudier by the addition
of tinsel. Practise casting till you can throw your
flies like gossamer on the water, and, above all,
avoid splashing. The use of a short line will give
you great advantage over your tackle. Heavy fish
hook themselves in nine out of ten cases, so that
striking is unnecessary ; striking is performed by a
motion of the wrist, not of the arm, and is only to
be learned by practice ; it then comes quite naturally
to the angler. Cast frequenily; you get over more
ground, and vastly increase your chances of success.
Trout generally seize the fly the instant it lights on
the water, or the instant after; hence, it is necessary
that the angler be on the qusz wive in téme. Cast
above where fish are likely to lie, and remember
that the greater part of your success lies in the
art of lkeeping out of their sight. Dull-coloured
clothes materially assist in achieving this important
desideratum.
When fishing with a friend, always come to a
distinct agreement, before starting, relative to the
division of the water, especially if the stream be small.
The true angler returns all smoults, parr, and
small trout to their native element—his maxim
258
being quality, not quantity. He also keeps his rod
well varnished, dries his line and tackle after using,
and looks into his tackle-book at least once every
three months during the non-A. season ; he thus
saves his flies from the ravages of the moth. The
tyro should always be guided in his selection of a
rod and tackle by some experienced friend; and
upon arriving at strange angling quarters, he should
place himself in the hands of a resident fisherman,
who will guide him to the best casts of the river,
loch, or stream. A day spent in watching the
proceedings of an expert angler, is a day well spent;
and a few hours’ lessons in fly-busking, knot-tying,
&c., work wonders. And, lastly, let the angler
practise courtesy towards all his brethren of the rod,
and be ever willing to lend a killing-fly to a needy
friend.
The principal works on A. are Izaak Walton,
Stoddart’s Angler's Companion, the article A. in
the HEncyclopedia Britanwica, Davy's Salmonia,
the angling section of Colquhoun’s Moor and the
Loch, and Stewart’s Practical Angler. The last
is perhaps the best work ever written upon trout-
fishing as applied to clear water. The angler will
also find many useful hints in the number on A. i
Chambers's Information for the People.
A'NGLO-CA'THOLIC CHURCH, or ANGLI-
CAN CHURCH, a term frequently employed to
designate collectively those churches which embrace:
the principles of the English Reformation. The fol-
lowing are, in brief, the views generally entertained
of those principles by the members of the churches
in question: By referring the Anglo-catholic Church
to the English Reformation, it is not meant that
her origin dates from that event, but that her
tenets, as she now exists, are those which the
Reformation cleared of what she holds to be corrup-
tions. For, as the word ‘church’ itself suggests:
—being derived, like ¢kirk’ in Scotland, from the-
Greek adjective kuriaké, which means ¢the Lord’s’
(i.e. house)—the origin of the Anglican Church is:
to be traced not to a Roman but to an Fastern
source. She claims the name of Catholic—which
also is from the Greek Fkatholiké, universal—be-
cause she is wunited, in origin, in doctrine, and
in form of government, with the Universal Church
as it has existed, with various differences of rites.
and ceremonies, in all countries and in all ages.
Eusebius even asserts that some of the apostles passed:
over into Britain. Tertullian, who lived in the 2d c.,.
speaks of places in Britain which, though inacces-
sible to the Romans, were subject to Christ: ¢ Britan-
norum inaccessa Romanis loca, Christo vero subdita.’
At the Council of Arles, 314 A.D., there were
three British bishops present; and St Alban suffered
martyrdom, under Diocletian, about the close of the:
3d c., or nearly three centuries before the landing
of St Augustine (q. v.) and his missionaries, 596 A.D.
Christianity, however, was driven by the heathen
Saxons into the mountainous districts of Wales; and
though Augustine, on his arrival, found no less than.
seven bishops and one archbishop in those parts, and
though Bertha, queen of Ethelbert,was a Christian,
yet the whole Saxon part of the country was in a.
state of heathenism. The British Church differed
from the Roman and other Western Churches, as to.
the form of administering baptism, and the time of
keeping the festival of Easter (see EASTER), follow-
ing the customs of the Greek or Eastern Church ; and;
it was not until the close of the 7th c., under
Theodore, that the two churches became united. In
the meantime, the conversion of Britain was as
much due to the labours of St Aidan, the Scottish.
Bishop of Lindisfern in the north, and of St Chad,
the Saxon saint, as to the missionaries of the Roman
Church in the south. See ANGLO-SAXONS.
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