hardly distinguishable from the surface signature. Thus, a small signal from the atmosphere may remain in our
data but the main signature is generated by the surface.
The method we used in this study to process POLDER data matches in part that which is envisioned for the
opertational processing of spacebome POLDER data. Our results give confidence in the soundness of the
method, especialy since spacebome measurement registration will have a much better relative accuracy. The
POLDER instrument on ADEOS will provide a global estimate of surface reflectance directional signatures at
resolution 6x6 km. With the method described above, POLDER measurements yield a reflectance corrected for
angular effects, which is well suited for a quantitative monitoring of the surface.
ACCNOWLEDGMENTS
The POLDER instrument has been designed, built, serviced and operated by the Laboratoire d’Optique
Atmosphérique (LOA), Lille, France, with a sponsorship from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES).
We acknowledge the work of many individuals from this laboratory who participated to the “La Crau-91”
experiment and made this study possible, and in particular J.Y. Balois, C. Devaux, M. Herman and C.
Verwaerde. The help from several personel from CNES and INRA was also appreciated. The POLDER
airborne campaign, placed under the responsibility of A. Podaire, was made possible by a sponsorship of the
Programme National de Télédétection Spatiale (PNTS).
REFERENCES
Baret F., Leprieur C., Jacquemoud S., Carrere V., Gu X.F., Steven M.D., Vanderbilt V.C., Hanocq J.F., Ustin S„
Rondeaux G., Daughtry L., Biehl L., Pettigrew R„ Modro D., Horoyan H., Sarto T., Despontin C.. and
Razafindraibe H.; 1992: The 1991 AVIRIS/POLDER experiment in Camargue, france. In R. O. Green (Ed.),
Third annual JPL Airborne Geoscience workshop., 92-14,75-77. Pasadena, California, USA: JPL.
Bréon, F.M. and P.Y. Deschamps; 1993: Optical and Physical parameter retrieval from POLDER measurements
over the ocean using an analytical model. Rem. Sens. Enviro .; 43, 193-209.
Coulson, K.L., and D. W. Reynolds; 1968: The spectral reflectance of natural surfaces. J. App. Met. . 10,1285.
Deschamps, P.Y., F.M. Bréon, M. Herman, M. Leroy, A. Podaire, A. Bricaud, J.C. Buriez, J.L. Deuzé, G. Sèze,
1993: The POLDER mission: Instrument characteristics and scientific objectives. IEEE Trans. Geosc. Rem.
Sens.; in press.
Deuzé, J.L., F.M. Bréon, P.Y Deschamps, M. Herman, A. Podaire, and J.L. Roujean : Analysis of the POLDER
Airborne Instrument Observations over Land Surfaces. Rem. Sens. Enviro., 45, 137-154.
Duggin M.J., D. Piwinski, V. Whitehead, and G, Ryland, 1982, ‘Evaluation of NOAA-AVHRR data for crop
assessment \ Applied Optics, 21, 1873-1875.
Goel N. S. and D. W. Deering, 1985, ‘Evaluation of a canopy reflectance model for LAI estimation through its
inversion’, IEEE Trans. Geosc. Rem. Sens.; GE-23, 674-684.
Gutman. G.G., 1987, ‘The derivation of vegetation indices from AVHRR data’, Int. J. Rem. Sens., 8, 1235-1243.
Holben B. N„ 1986. ‘Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from temporal AVHRR data'. Int. J.
Rem. Sens., vol. 7, 1417-1434.
Jupp D. L. B. and A. H. Strahler, 1991, ‘A hot-spot model for leaf canopies’, Rem. Sens. Enviro., 38, 193-210.
Kimes D.S., 1983. Dynamics of directional reflectance factor distribution for vegetation canopies', Applied
Optics, 22, 1364-1372.
Kimes D.S., W.W. Newcomb, CJ. Tucker, I.S. Zonneveld, W. Van Wijngaarden, J. de Leeuw. and G.F. Epema.
1985, Directional reflectance factor distributions for cover types of Northern Africa, Rem. Sens. Enviro., 18.
1-19.
Kimes D.S., W.W. Newcomb, R.F. Nelson, and J.B. Schutt; 1986: Directional reflectance distributions of a
hardwood and a pine forest canopy, IEEE Trans. Geosc. Rem. Sens., GE-24, 281-293.
Kriebel, K.T., 1978, Measured spectral directional reflection properties for four vegetated surfaces. Applied
Optics, 17, 253-259.
Ottoman, J. and G.H. Weiss, 1984: Reflection from a field of randomly located vertical protrusions. Applied
Optics, 23, 12,1931-1936.
Pinty, B., M.M. Verstraete, and R.E. Dickinson, 1989, A physical model for predicting bidirectional reflectances
over bare soil. Rem. Sens. Enviro., 27, 273-288.
Roujean J. L., M. Leroy, A. Podaire, and P. Y. Deschamps, 1992a: Evidence of surface reflectance bidirectional
effects from a NOAA7AVHRR multi-temporal data set, Int. J. Rem. Sens., 13, 685-698.
Roujean. J.L., M. Leroy, P.Y. Deschamps; 1992b: A bidirectional reflectance model of the Earth surface for the
correction of remote sensing data. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20455-20468.
Verhoef, 1985, Earth observation modeling based on layer scattering matrices, Rem. Sens. Enviro, 17, 165-178.
Verstraete, M.M., B. Pinty and R.E. Dickinson, 1990, A physical model for predicting the bidirectional
reflectance of vegetation canopies. 1. Theory. J. Geoph. Res., 95, D8, 11755-11765.