i i i mul 
10 2 
a/b RATIO 
ons of the emitters in 
h chlorophyll a/b ratio. 
> (Nipponbare and Norm 
s (CMV-15, CMV-16, 
88 ) were used. The data 
mbols indicate • F680, 
! A F745. 
TH(nm) 
tee spectra of rice wild- 
lutant (MGS- 88 ) plant 
(diode-laser) light, 
-type plant(a) was 632 
autant plant (b) 22.9 
brane lipids and protein 
induce dissociation of 
m I (Fig. 2). 
»served at 45°C were 
I with exhaust gases of 
ur oxides and nitrogen 
contained in the exhaust 
he reaction center of 
& Sugahara, 1979), 
f emissions from core 
:ver, the chemicals seem 
of photosystem II based 
tion of 0 3 was different 
mild fumigation of Oj 
eripheral antenna of 
3 incorporated into cells 
are considered to generate large amounts of superoxide 
radicals (Asada et al., 1977; Peiser & Yang, 1977) which 
prevent functions of the protective mechanisms, 
superoxide dismutase activity (McCord & Fridovich, 
1969) and productions of ascorbate and reduced 
glutathione (Asada et al., 1977), for naturally generated 
superoxide radicals by photosystem I. Therefore, it 
primarily acts on photosystem I. Another action of 0 3 
on cell organizations is perturbation of membrane 
structures through distortion of lipid bilayers. 
Superoxide radicals produced from 0 3 cleave double 
bonds of fatty acids rich in chloroplasts, resulting in 
separation of peripheral antennas from photosystem □, as 
well as photosystem I (Fig. 4c). 
The assumed emitters in the current investigation do 
not correspond to detailed structures of photosystems 
and may involve other components than those assigned 
above, however, the spectral changes due to high 
temperature and air-pollutants, are primarily explained 
by changes of emissions from the emitter components 
which are sensitive to variable intrinsic and extrinsic 
conditions of leaves. Measurements of laser induced 
chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral analysis using the 
simulated emitter peaks will provide information as to 
how far light reactions of photosynthesis are affected 
horn various environmental changes, which is useful for 
monitoring terrestrial vegetations in remote sensing. 
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