more explicitly than before their operational technologies 
and operation-technological objectives to the instrument 
manufacturing industry . In the photogrammetric instrument 
manufacturing industry we find for some time photogramme- 
trists in great number (inclusive of those with university 
education). In the instrument manufacturing industry with a 
more or less cartographic orientation no cartographers are 
likely to be found yet. 
How disadvantageous it can be if the importance of an idea re 
garding a new operational procedure is not recognized or is 
falsely judged by the instrument manufacturing industry shows, 
for instance, the orthophoto method of photogrammetry. As early 
as 1929, 0. LACMANN constructed in Berlin a rectifier for non 
flat terrain functioning according to the strip method, but only 
in 1955 the significance of this idea was pointed out to the 
instrument manufacturers by R. BEAN/USA which then led in vari 
ous countries to the development of numerous orthoprojector 
types functioning according to the strip method. This means 
that for 25.years a scientifically outstanding and economically 
significant idea remained unexploited ! 
If there were no orthoprojectors it would be doubtful whether 
there existed in the Federal Republic of Germany, for instance, 
a series of photomaps 1:25,000 (about 2,000 sheets) covering 
the entire country or more than 7,000 sheets of a photomap se 
ries 1:5,000 (which are also revised at a 4-6 year cycle); it 
would also be questionable whether Belgium disposed of a photo 
map series 1:10,000 covering all of the country or whether Aus 
tria would start producing a photomap series 10,000 also cover 
ing the entire country. 
This example clearly shows the importance of instrumental de 
velopments for the application of photogrammetric and cartog 
raphic findings and procedures. There are further examples to 
prove this such as the development of coordinate recording in 
struments for photogrammetry or the development of the afore 
mentioned plotters for cartography. One just imagine how little 
attractive the photogrammetric coordinate measurement would be