CIPA 2003 XIX' h International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
214 
3. New Perspectives from Using Single Images in 
Conservation. 
In view of the increasing dilapidation of handed down 
monuments, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Techniques 
can support the protection of these monuments by 
- permanent control of existing historic monuments, including 
the inventory, 
- by advanced interpretation of discovered monuments, 
- by (aerial) Prediction of so far undiscovered monuments and 
- by the reconstruction of partly and/or even completely 
destroyed monuments. 
For serious systematic investigations after the reasons for the 
increasing disintegration of monuments it is absolutely 
necessary, to start with an inventory, to document the recent 
conditions of the monuments (see Chapter 4). 
In order to judge the success of, e.g., chemical monument 
protection, a futural permanent control of the monument 
condition, using suited photography, is definitely required. 
The most suited way to verify this is a Monument Information 
System(MIS). 
The interpretation of discovered monuments can be increased 
by 
- the correlation of monuments with existing buildings or 
reconstructions, 
the correlation of the arrangements of existing buildings 
with standard situations, like the today's appearance of the 
ground situation of City blocks in comparison with the 
situation of roman castles, see fig. 3.1 
Fig. 3.1. The City of Magdeburg (Germany), a former Roman 
Castle? 
- The correlation of different objects for advanced 
interpretations of discovered monuments 
The Prediction of so far undiscovered monuments can be based 
on 
- traces of human activities, 
- historic and recent maps and measurements, see Fig. 1.4. 
- historic and recent photography 
The quality of the interpretation of the situation of so far 
undiscovered monuments can only be judged by excavations or 
excavations substitutes. 
4. New Perspectives for Archives for Single Images in 
Conservation 
It is highly recommended, to digitize the available single 
imagery and to store it on CD-ROM. The combination with a 
data manager program has big advantages for a systematic data 
access. And for some applications the digital print of that photo 
might be sufficient, while the original is kept for exclusive 
operations. 
Due to very high solution requirements, so far still conventional 
cameras are in use for documentation purposes in conservation. 
CCD-Cameras, showing about 2000 x 2500 Pixels, nowadays 
can almost replace slide cameras. Their color and color truth is 
even superior. 
The Konica Land Master GPScamera shall be recommended as 
the first public camera to be used for single imagery, which 
records additional frame information, including the position, the 
date and time and the imaging direction belonging to that 
particular photograph. The Konica Land Master GPScamera as 
introduced occasionally the ISPRS congress in Vienna in 1996 
is linked to a data bank, screening the position and the direction 
of every single photography in a map. 
A list containing the worldwide Photographic Archives is more 
than overdue. This proposed list should become a part of CIPAs 
internet presentation. At least these photographic Archives must 
be related to single images in conservation. Very important is 
the access to these Archives and even the searching for lost 
photographs, as very impressive reported by GERNSHEIM, 
used to become the owner of the first surviving photography, 
showing the private house of Niepce in 1827. 
As an important sample for a state of the art Photography 
archive the Bill Gates archive with over 1 million images in 
particular shall be mentioned. The Bill Gates archive is an 
integrative part of the Corbis collection. Corbis claims to be the 
leading provider of photography and fine arts on the Internet 
and maintains one of the largest image collections in the world 
with 25 million historical, contemporary, celebrity and fine art 
images. More than 1.5 million of these images are available on 
line, designed to offer a full range of visual solution. 
To be mentioned are also the Ancient Greece Photographic 
archive in Indiana, USA, the Photographs-collection of the 
Civil war in the United States, the Photo Archive for buildings 
etc.,of the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburg, 
Philadelphia,USA and the Photo Archive - Buildings - of the 
Butler University in Indianapolis, USA. 
Of great importance are also Archives with local character, like 
the Old Colorado City Photo Archives or the Photo archive of 
the Mariott Library of the University of Utah, USA, containing 
Aerial Photographs and Photographs showing Architecture, 
Buildings and Archeological sites. 
As a typical situation in Germany, beside numerous 
governmental, company owned and private Archives, at least 16 
governmental Archives for historic Photographs are maintained 
on a provincial level, containing collections of images for 
conservation purposes of that particular area. As the digitizing 
of this material has just started, currently these are mainly still 
analog photographs. 
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