CIPA 2003 XIX 1 ' 1 International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
41 
At the end of the paper the status of the project will be 
described. 
2. WORKSHOP TO ANALYSE THE REQUIREMENTS 
OF A TEMPORAL GIS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE 
Regional distinctions are among other things characterised by 
historical traces of the cultural heritage, which are still visible 
in the cultural landscape and settlements. According to 
requirements extensive stocktakings of the historical village 
structure are made in the run-up of projects of the district office 
of rural development in Bavarian villages. 
These contain surveys to nature area and locality, settlement 
history, development of the village structure, buildings and 
monuments characterising the historical local picture as well as 
the historical cultural landscape. On the one hand they serve as 
valuable planning basis for projects of redevelopment of 
villages and on the other hand they are of great value for 
municipalities and their citizens and should therefore be made 
available to a large circle of persons. 
Since this information in maps, texts and pictures is acquired 
and mapped so far in analogous form, the question came up, 
whether this information should be stored in the future in a 
geographical information system, in which the historical data 
could be archived, as well as analysed and visualised with 
regard to their spatiotemporal relations. 
Therefore in the year 2001 several representatives of 
municipalities, preservation of monuments, rural development, 
tourism and education met to a workshop in the Achental and 
discussed the requirements and possible user scenarios to a GIS 
for the cultural heritage. 
2.1 Content and object areas 
A GIS for cultural heritage should be open for all contents and 
object areas, which refer to anthropogenic historical activities, 
which had been reflected in the landscape and in the settlements 
in the form of elements and structures and/or which transformed 
and influenced landscape and settlement structure. Thereby it is 
useful to organise the objects into different functional areas, e.g. 
religion/state/military, settlement, traffic, agriculture, trade, 
spare time etc.. 
2.2 Data 
A substantial advantage of a GIS is the combined use of 
geometric and alphanumerical data. Geometric and 
alphanumerical data about the cultural heritage of an area must 
be gathered from many different sources of authorities, 
institutions, companies and private people. These data are often 
available in different formats and with different quality and can 
be integrated in a GIS only by conversion and adjustment (cp. 
Figure 2). 
The geometric data consists mainly of maps, which are 
available partly digitally or in case of historical data frequently 
only in analogue form. 
More current maps are partially available in vector data form, 
older maps only as raster data sets. Historical maps also have 
the problem of equalisation. Above all very old maps are rather 
works of art, which would lose their special character after a 
transformation into a today's geographical reference system. 
Thematic data and photos of 
historical objects 
from different archive 
(e.g. from competent local persons) 
Figure 2. Several data in GIS for cultural heritage 
The alphanumerical data is available as different historical 
texts from private archives and official data collections, e.g. the 
register of real estate tax. Many of these sources are not in a 
computer-readable form and also not suitable for text 
recognition software. 
Additionally to the text data multimedia data offer themselves 
for the affiliation to a geo information system for cultural 
heritage, e.g. historical or current photographs, video material 
of certain objects, or audio records of surrounding nature. 
All these data have to be provided with meta data when they 
are stored into a geo information system. Meta data contain 
additional information about the actual data sets, like data 
source or quality of data, and they are especially important for 
historical data in order to assure the verifiableness and 
authenticity of the data. 
All in all collection and evaluation of historical data can be 
difficult, because historical data often are not exactly detectable, 
not in digital form, additionally incomplete or contradictory . 
2.3 Functionality 
Generally following demands are made on the functionality of 
an temporal GIS for cultural heritage: 
• Sustainable stocktaking and documentation 
• Combined spatial, temporal and thematic selection 
and analysis of culture-historical objects 
• Visualisation of spatial and temporal processes 
• Simple access to information for different target 
groups 
2.4 User szenarios 
A GIS for the cultural heritage in the Achental should 
particularly be useful for development of economy and tourism. 
Beyond that further usage should be considered in preservation 
of monument and historic buildings, in different planning 
procedures, in local history and education. 
2.4.1 Preservation of monuments 
Historical data about monuments and historical buildings are 
partly contained in very valuable and fragile documents. They 
should be made accessible for a larger public to promote the