CIP A 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
6.2. Protocol 
The malt house belongs to an urban fabric which is not dense. 
It is thus easy to go around it. That simplifies the convergence 
of shots. Moreover the building has some elements which can 
be distinguished at the roof level (chimneys, technical 
buildings). This is due to its industrial nature. It becomes then 
easy to link images of all façades. The virtual building of the 
malt house was obtained by orienting images which have 
sufficient overlap. 
In Reims, the two streets where the survey takes place are 
sufficiently broad to allow perpendicular façades shots. 
Unfortunately, one of them is partially hidden by two lines of 
trees which appear on quite all the images. Interesting buildings 
are partly masked. The shot axe of selected pictures is as close 
as possible to the perpendicular compared to the façades. This 
allows to avoid perspective effects which reduce accuracy. 
Virtual model images were oriented in several blocks. A single 
image block is not useful because the virtual model is not a 
representation of what exists. Moreover it would have been 
composed of a great number of images, which would have 
complicated the orientation and the handling of the file 
(important requirements of material resources). We split the 
virtual model according to housing blocks. Five to ten buildings 
were included in each model. Some virtual models were made 
according to specific needs. It was the case for precise buildings 
(a tower, an isolated building). The site is represented globally 
only in the 3D model (fig.9). 
6.3. Use of the models 
Malt house: once all the necessary images are oriented, the 
restitution can start. It is not necessary to model all the building. 
Figure 6. Malt house: survey plan, the oblique angle, in its 
whole, was designed with help of the virtual model. 
Only elements which require details must hold the attention. 
Ideally, the model should be carried out at the same time as the 
representation of the survey. In this way it is possible to put the 
model and the plans in interaction. The model is then related to 
the plans (fig.6). This is not a goal but a means of perfecting 
survey plans. 
We found the Reims model useful in the volumetric form for 
dimensioning of the built volumes. Numerous exchanges 
between Photomodeler and CAD were necessary to build the 
3D model, as for the survey of malt house. This project could 
have required a textured model, but the principle of the common 
reflexion directed us towards more abstraction for the sights of 
the project. Concerning the masks caused by the trees, cables 
and electricity poles, our solution however consisted in 
orienting an image already used in the model after modification 
in the publishing software (Adobe Photoshop). 
Figure 7. Picture retouch as texture source 
The textured model built with Photomodeler uses some of the 
pictures as texture source. It is sufficient to retouch copies of 
these images (fig. 7), and then to orient them with the same 
points as their double. The textured model becomes exploitable 
for a meticulous project representation (fig.8). 
Figure 8. Reims: retouched image, oriented in Photomodeler. 
7. CONCLUSION 
Architectural photogrammetry, throughout the kind of 
information it brings, can be made available to architects, as a 
representation means of existing buildings. The contribution of 
a virtual model of the context for a project can make it 
essential. Moreover, if the architect can get used to this 
technique, the right design process is preserved. The point here 
is not to conclude on the need architectural design could have 
for a tool like photogrammetry but to present how the architect 
can possibility use it. He is free to choose his tools depending 
on his project practice. 
Being an architect and having used photogrammetry as a tool, 
it appears essential to us to set up users’ guidelines for 
photogrammetry. It should be made appropriate to people 
without scientific background. Photogrammetry can become 
an effective and helpful tool for the architect if he is able to 
manage it. 
Référé 
Boudo 
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Grusse 
photog 
& Ege! 
Iordaiv 
d’objel 
inform 
Chapte 
entre c 
G„ Tic 
Latek, 
Chapte 
entre c 
G., Tic 
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