13 
one, M., Del 
, Ricco, C., 
Metodologie 
i napoletana, 
rf the ASITA, 
go, G., 1984. 
of a volcano 
ill. Volcanol., 
Integration of GPS and Conventional Surveying For Positioning of The Mobile 
Phone Antennae in A Local System. 
Al-Bayari O., Barbarella M., Fazio C. 
DISTART - University of Bologna 
Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 - Bologna - Italy 
ISPRS - WG VI/3 
KEY WORDS: DGPS, MDL, Total station, Mobile Phone antenna, transformation parameters and Gauss Boaga. 
Abstract 
The integration of GPS and classical surveying has many implementations, and this depends on the purposes of surveying and on the 
satellite visibility which may limit the use of GPS. therefore taking into account the cost and time factors, we have studied a reliable 
methodology of positioning and orienting mobile phone antenna in the Italian National system. 
1. Objective and analysis of the problem 
The main aim of this work is to determine a surveying 
methodology for mobile phone antennae in the Italian National 
system. For that purpose, five different antenna structure types 
have been studied in Bologna area. 
For each antenna structure, some information and details have 
been given to us by the responsible company of the work 
(TIM-Italy). The details are: 
1- co-ordinates of the antenna frame centre in the Italian 
National system estimated at one second. 
2- Some drawing details of the antenna structure in different 
scales (1:25 - 1:500), and the orientation of the antenna 
panels respect to the north estimated at one degree. 
Considering the complex shape of antennae’s structure (Fig. 1), 
and the low precision in position and orientation that are shown 
in detailed drawing of each antenna (Fig. 2), there are aspects 
that should be taken into account in surveying mobile phone 
antennae: 
I - desired or requested accuracy of surveying : 
a- metric accuracy 
b- decimetric accuracy 
II - antenna elements for surveying: 
a- position of the centre of antenna frame, 
b- Position of the centre and orientation of antenna frame and 
use of the detailed drawing of antenna structure, 
c- Position and orientation of all antenna's elements. 
III - transformation of antenna co-ordinates in the Italian 
National system: 
a- Use of local parameters, associated to the vertices of 
Italian GPS network IGM95. 
b- Use of a set of parameters for each zone 
2. Instruments 
The instruments used to study the problem and to achieve the 
objectives of this work are: 
1- GPS and DGPS receivers to determine the co-ordinates of 
one or more points in the reference GPS system and 
consequently in the National system. 
2- Traditional instruments, placed in the stations determined 
by GPS: 
a- Theodolite or total station for the intersection surveying, 
b- MDL instrument, the system employ laser time of flight 
technique to measure ranges to a certain target without the 
need to place reflectors at that target. This allows accurate 
measurements to be made of inaccessible points such as 
in our case.