440 
Monti, Brumana, Fregonese, Savi, Achille 
First processed 3D model: software interoperability, functionality, limits and further research 
Laser scanner 
OUTPUT 
{ASCII file) 
(DXF file) 
(VRML file) 
Clouds data set 
{ASCII file) 
Further test 
other modeling 
Wavefront tools 
and other 
software 
Software tested 
Spider 
(module Alias 
Wavefront tools 
TIN model 
(3D mesh 
surfaces) 
(.EVG file) 
First processed 3D model 
elements: 
• Fronts 
• Facades 
• Complex architectural 
objects 
• Squares 
• Domes 
• Vaults 
• Extemal/intemal 
architectural surface 
Actual possible 
function and good 
results obtained 
1. 
measure distance 
between point inside 
data set laser 
scanning DXF 
2. 
manual profile 
generation with 
laser scanning 
precision and 
accuracy 
3. 
geometric analysis 
4. 
3D model generation 
of continuous and 
relatively simple 
surfaces 
Software tested 
Integration 
Negative 
between 
interoperability 
• Spider 
DXF OUT 
(other modules 
3D TIN model 
Alias are 
and 
software to be 
◄ 
DXF OUT 
tested) 
topographic/ 
Positive one: 
photogrammetric 
• 3D studio 
restitutions 
• AutoCAD2000 
• 3D VIZ 
{ASCII file) 
Model Integration between 
Laser 3D model and : 
• Vectorial representations 
topographic 
• and photogrammetric 
restitution 
(2D-3D DXF file) 
RESEARCH 
and 
NOT YET SOLVED PROBLEMS 
The research EDGE ’f r 
The automatic 3D TIN modeling is NOT 
ENOUGH powerful to evaluate all the data 
points acquired. 
The rough model of the automatic TIN output 
does NOT explain and follows the real 
complex shape of architectural elements and 
discontinuities. 
The 3D automatic and semiautomatic model 
generation of complex reality is the 
MAIN PROBLEM 
3D Orthophoto at time are NOT 
EXHAUSTIVES 
▼ Further STEPS 
II. 3D MODEL REFINING 
complex surface analysis and generation of 
geometry 
intelligent filtering of rough model 
3D generation of discontinuous shape 
(semiautomatic breakline generation on the 
3D TIN and Mesh model) 
III. DIGITAL 3D ORTHOPHOTO 3D 
Without 3D reliable model the orthophoto 
image processing has shown all the limits and at 
least become useless, as explained in the 
following pictures. 
Surface analysis and generation of geometry 
Surface and object based interpolation; Loft objects (based on complex profiles); 
Boolean objects for surface generation combining ‘primitives’ (sphere, prism, pyramid, etc.); 
Nurbs (Non Uniform Rational B-splines)