ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS", Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001 
352 
a) integration of different level of application, 
b) integration of vector and raster (data and functions), 
c) integration of knowledge of different expertise, and 
d) integration of different scales in time and space. 
Because of the nature of integration, GIS application should 
considerate long-term integration. Vertically, different 
application levels (and potential level) may have different level; 
horizontally, other interested groups should be considered, 
therefore issues from data (data structure, data accuracy and 
data base designed) to tools-building (analysis functions) and 
encourage data sharing and experience sharing. 
ii) Zonal focused 
Most of case studies have shown that the interested objects 
are polygon features or zones (e.g. aquatic reservation zone, 
fish closure zone, fisheries management zone, coastal hazard 
zone, fish habitat zone, coastal development zone, etc.). 
iii) Multicriteria analysis 
a) multi factor controls, and 
b) multidiscipline approach for decision. 
iv) Equipped with uncertainties handling tools 
Fuzzy set analysis, probability, random simulation and Neural 
Network. Further development of Coastal GIS is challenged 
by true 3D GIS functions (similar to those having been used in 
2D environment) and the presentation / display of the results of 
3D GIS modelling. Finally, it is the hope of the authors that this 
paper will be an integrated part of the development of Coastal 
GIS. 
o ^=. 
oj 
Applications 
Level 
1 
2 
2/3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
Navigation 
y 
y 
y 
Fisheries 
y 
n 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
? 
Conservation 
y 
n 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
? 
Coastal 
mapping 
y 
n 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
? 
Environment 
assessment 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
Strategy 
planning 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
Sand Mining 
/Dragging 
y 
n 
y 
y 
Environment 
Monitoring 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
? 
Coastal 
protection 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
? 
Hazard 
assessment 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
y 
? 
? 
Fig. 9. Coastal application and corresponding integration of GIS Functionalities.