ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, “Dynamic and Multi-Dimensional GIS”, Bangkok, May 23-25, 2001 
path between Beijing and other cities in each radiation region 
have been calculated by means of GIS network analysis. Finally, 
integrated database has been setup, which has both attribute 
data and spatial data. 
2.3 Potentiality Calculating 
By applying model (3) and model (4), this step is to calculate 
attraction and development potentiality or capacity of Beijing 
based on the integrated database. The first step is to determine 
the model parameters, such as mass of cities, mass weight factor 
of cities, and friction coefficient of distance. The second is to 
standardize all the data that will be used to calculate attraction 
and development potentiality. Then, the comprehensive 
attraction and potentiality of Beijing have been calculated based 
on the parameters and standardized data. 
2.4 Comprehensive Analyzing 
The calculating result is just a series of data. What do they really 
mean to Beijing? This step is to analyze the development 
potentiality in quantity, quality, graphics, and document report. 
And some comprehensive results were obtained. 
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Fig. 1. Flow Chart of Research on Beijing Spatial Development 
3.1 Development Background Analyzing 
Map in Fig.2 shows the spatial development background of 
Beijing. From the map, two characters are very obvious. One is 
that the transportation system appears radiation pattern from 
Beijing to all directions around. Beijing is the center of the 
radiation system. The other is that cities around Beijing are not 
well-distributed. If you draw a iine from southwest to northeast, 
most of the cities located in southeast region with higher 
administrative class, while less cities located in northwest region 
with lower administrative class. At the same time, the 
transportation system is very integrated in southeast region, while 
it is not so good in northwest region. That kind of situation is the 
result of past development, and will be the infrastructure for future 
development. 
Fig.2. Spatial Development Background of Beijing 
3.2 Development Axes Determining 
Based on the analysis of spatial development background, GIS 
buffer analysis has been used to obtain the affection regions of 
cities and transportation. The regions were defined by means of 
administrative class of cities and transportation class of 
transportation system (refer to table 1 ). Seven development axes 
were defined according to spatial development background and 
buffer analysis, such as east, southeast, south, southwest, west, 
northwest, and northeast (refer to Fig.3). 
Table 1. Affection Regions of Cities & Transportation 
Affection Region of Cities 
Affection Region of Transportation 
Administrative 
Affection 
Transportation 
Affection 
Class 
Region 
Class 
Region 
Capital 
15000 
Electric Railway 
15000 
Municipality 
12000 
Double-line Railway 
12000 
Prefecture 
10000 
Single-line Railway 
10000 
City 
8000 
Super Highway 
10000 
County 
6000 
Main Highway 
8000 
3. CALCULATION PROCESS 
Followed by the flow chart shown in Fig.1, the calculation process 
was described one by one here, which includes analyzing 
development background, determining development axes, 
defining model parameters, selecting cities mass, measuring 
transportation distance between Beijing and other cities, and 
calculating potential development power of Beijing.