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Figure 7. The averaged ERS-l/ERS-2 and Radarsat-1 intensity images of southeastern Louisiana, USA. (b) Averaged radar 
backscattering coefficients (relative to urban backscattering returns) for seven major land cover classes during both leaf-on and 
leaf-off seasons. The variations of radar backscattering coefficient were used to distinguish different land cover types (Kwoun and 
Lu, 2007). 
InSAR images and their associated products have proven useful 
for mapping flood extents (Figure 6), land cover types (Ramsey 
et al., 2006; Kwoun and Lu, 2007) (Figure 7), changes in soil 
moisture content (Lu and Meyer, 2002), etc. For example, 
multiple SAR images can be used to map the progression of fire 
and to estimate fire severity (Figure 8). InSAR products that 
characterize the changes in SAR backscattering return (both 
intensity and phase signal) are indispensable for precise 
mapping of fire scar extents and severities. In lieu that future 
SAR sensors will be equipped with fully-polarimetric capability- 
Pol-InSAR can make significant advances in many fields: (1) 
land cover mapping and wetland mapping, particularly over 
regions where weather conditions hinder optical remote 
sensing; (2) improved understanding of the three-dimensional 
Figure 8. Radarsa 
2003, and (c) Oc 
severity map is sh 
structure of vegetat: 
influence on habit: 
behavior, and econo 
horizontal resolutic 
attainable; (4) chara 
surface water, soil i 
water budget, etc. 
2.8 Near-real-time 
monitoring 
To characterize an 
surface deformatio 
InSAR imagery, a 
process and manage 
system should be 
retrieving the proce: 
A Web-based Gi 
independent of com 
InSAR processing 
deformation map g 
simple steps of a - 
InSAR processing ; 
the foundation for 
monitor ground surl 
or other processes, 
radar satellite const 
decade, the autorr 
hazard monitoring 
time decision suppo