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Our Portable Four Channel radiometer (PFC), speci
ally developed for the purposes of the establishment
of the local algorithms, can be equiped with inter
changeable sets of filters with spectral characte
ristic corresponding to the optical and near infra
red channels of the Landsat MSS, TM and SPOT
sensors. The upwelled radiation is collected by a
zoom lens objective allowing choice of the spatial
resolution dependently on the altitude of the
measurements and on the spatial resolution of the
satellite scanner of interest. The PFC is a light
weight battery operated instrument. Its four
channels can be rapidly scanned and results stored
by a microcomputer controlled data acquisition
system or by a simple automatic data logger.
Figure 4 shows a relationship applicable for the
determination of the pigment concentration as
investigated in the western Wadden Sea for a
possible interpretation of the Landsat TM data.
Figure 4. Combination of the upwelling radiance
signals in the first three TM channels in relation
to phytoplankton pigment concentration as deter
mined from the measurements by means of the PFC
above western Wadden Sea during September 1985.
3 INDONESIAN MARINE ENVIRONMENT REMOTE SENSING
EXPERIMENTS (IMERSE)
Combination of the data obtained from the sets of
measurements in water and above water at low
altitudes is most advantageous for the final
processing and interpretation of the satellite
imagery. During the extensive campaign IMERSE
performed in the coastal waters of north east
Java, within the framework of the Snellius II
expedition, numerous measurements were done of the
underwater reflectance along with sampling of
concentrations of the organic and inorganic
materials suspended and dissolved in the water.
Airborne measurements of the upwelling radiance
and collection of multispectral imagery were
provided simultaneously with the shipborne
operations. Collected satellite imagery will be
interpreted in cooperation between Indonesian,
German and Netherlands scientists.
Preliminary results showing the particulate
matter distribution as determined from the air
borne measurements above the Strait Madura are
presented in Figure 5.
The spectral signatures will be calculated from the
underwater measurements in combination with the
sea truth data using a radiative transfer model.
From the absorption and scattering signatures,the
algorithms will be determined. The airborne radio
meter data will serve for the final tuning of the
algorithms as well as for the evaluation of the
atmospheric and glitter effects. The airborne
imagery can be then processed and interpreted for
the representative coastal and open sea regions.
From these underwater and low altitude data the
satellite imagery will be corrected for the atmos-
Figure 5. Distribution of suspended matter as assessed
from the airborne measurements by means of the
CORSAIR along four flight tracks above the Strait
Madura. A ratio algorithm is applied. Length of the
ticks corresponds with the concentration of the
suspended matter varying between about 2 and 30 g/m .
pheric effects and interpreted in terms of the
concentrations of suspended and dissolved materials
representative for the whole area of interest.
REFERENCES
Participation in the Snellius II Expedition 1984.
Joint Experiment Report, 1986. DFVLR, LAPAN, NIOZ.