253
contiguous forest edge. For the entire study
site, regional changes were toward less vegetative
vigor and a more degraded nonforest environment.
These results are supportive of independent
observations concerning deforestation rates and
the type of environmental degradation that is
occurring in the Central African Republic and the
Cameroon as of 1986 (The International Institute
for Environmental Development, 1986).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank Oak Ridge National
Laboratory for their support for this project.
We also wish to thank Jae Lee, Yinghang Li, You
Wu, Amy DeSmidt, Xiaofong Chen, and Norm Cooprider
for their invaluable assistance.
REFERENCES
Booth, W., 1989. Monitoring the fate of forests
from space. Science, 243:1428-1429.
Conese, C., G. Maracchi, F. Maselli, and V.M.
Sacco, 1988. Forest classification by principal
component analysis of TM data. International
Journal of Remote Sensing, 9:1597-1612.
ERDAS, 1989. ENDAS User's Guide. Version 7.3,
Release January 5, 1989. ERDAS, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
FAD/UNEP, 1981. Tropical Forest Resources
Assessment Project. Forest Resources of Topical
Africa, FAQ, Rome.
Fung, T., and E. LeDrew, 1987. Application of
principal component analysis to change detection.
Photogranmetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,
53:1649-1658.
Green, G.M., and R.W. Sussman, 1990. Deforestation
History of the Eastern Rain Forests of Madagascar
from Satellite Images. Science, 248:212-215.
Houghton, R.A., R.D. Boone, J.R. Fruci, J.E.
Hobbie, J.M. Mellillo, C.A. Palm, B.J. Peterson,
G.R. Shaver, G.M. Woodwell, B. Moore, D.L. Skole,
and N. Myers, 1987. The flux of carbon from
terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in 1980
due to changes in land use: geographic
distribution of the global flux. Tellus,
39B:122-139. Global carbon cycle. Science,
239:42-47.
International Institute for Environmental
Development and World Resources Institute, 1986.
World Resources 1986, Basic Books, New York, 353
P-
Iqbal, M., 1983. An introduction to solar
radiation. Academic Press, New York. 390 p.
Jensen, J.R., 1983. Biophysical Remote Sensing.
Annals of the Association of American Geographers,
73(1):111-132.
Lee, J.K., K.P. Lulla, and P.W. Mausel, 1989. Data
structure characterization of multispectral data
using principal component and principal factor
analysis. Geocarto International, 4:43-47.
Malingreau, J. and C.J. Tucker, 1988. Large scale
deforestation in the southeastern Amazon Basin of
Brazil. Ambio, 17:49-55.
Malingreau, J., G. Stevens, and L. Fellows, 1985.
Remote sensing of forest fires: Kalimantan and
North Borneo in 1982-1983. Ambio, 14:314-321.
Markham, B.L. and J.L. Barker, 1986. Landsat MSS
and TM post-calibration dynamic ranges,
exoatmospheric reflectances and at-satellite
temperatures. EOSAT Technical Notes, 1:3-8.
Mausel, P.W., S.M. Berta, and J.A. Harrington,
Jr., March, 1990. Land cover characteristics and
changes in selected areas of subsaharan Africa
derived from computer-assisted analysis of earth
resources satellite data. Part I. ISURSL, Indiana
State University, Terre Haute, IN. 85 p.
Nelson, R. and B. Holben, 1986. Identifying
deforestation in Brazil using multiresolution
satellite data. Int. J. of Rem. Sensing,
7:429-448.
Palmer, J.M., 1984. Effective band-widths for
Landsat-4 and Landsat-D' Multi-Spectral Scanner
and Thematic Mapper subsystems. IEEE Geos, and
Remote Sensing, GE-22:336-338.
Perry, C.R., Jr., and L.F. Lautenschlager, 1984.
Functional equivalence of spectral vegetation
indices. Remote Sensing of Environment,
14:169-182.
Repetto, R., 1990. Deforestation in the Tropics.
Scientific American, 262(4):36-42.
Robinove, C.J., 1982. Computation of physical
values for Landsat digital data. Photogranmetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing, 48:781-784.
Singh, A., 1986. Change Detection in the Tropical
Forest Environment of Northeastern India using
Landsat. Chapter 13 in Remote Sensing and Tropical
Land Management, edited by Eden and Parry. John
Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 237-254.
Tangley, L., 1988. Preparing for climatic change.
Bioscience, 38:14-18.
White, F., 1983. The vegetation of Africa. UNESCO,
Paris, 356 p.
Woodwell, G.M., R.A. Houghton, T.A. Stone, R.F.
Nelson, and W. Kovalick, 1987. Deforestation in
the Tropics: New Measurements in the Amazon Basin
Using Landsat and NQAA Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer Imagery. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 92(D2):2157-2163.