3-5-7 
Tab. 1 Technical data of the photo flight missions 
projects 
years 
image scale 
00 
number of 
photos 
number of 
strips 
block size 
(km X km) 
measuring rate of 
GPS receivers (s) 
aerial camera 
(f: mm) 
l 
Taiyuan 
1994 
8 000 
24 
3 
2X3 
2 
RC-20 
(303) 
2 
Tianjin 
1995 
37 000 
105 
5 
67X27 
1 
RC-20 
Tür 
3 
Hoerbing 
1996 
8 000 
98 
4 
14X6 
1 
RC-10 
(152) 
4 
Guangxi 
1996 
35 000 
171 
5 
58X86 
1 
RC-20 
(152) 
5 
Hainan 1 
1996 
32 000 
219 
16(15+1) 
106X32 
1 
RC-20 
(152) 
6 
Hainan 2 
1996 
32 000 
312 
18(17+1) 
119X47 
1 
RC-20 
(152) 
7 
Hainan 3 
1997 
30 000 
271 
14 
51X57 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
8 
Hainan 4 
1997 
30 000 
446 
21(20+1) 
104X60 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
9 
Hainan 5 
1997 
30 000 
335 
22(21+1) 
98X63 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
10 
Hainan 6 
1997 
30 000 
361 
15 
69X58 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
1 1 
Hainan 7 
1998 
29 000 
252 
12(10+2) 
87X30 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
12 
Hainan 8 
1998 
29 000 
350 
21(19+2) 
71X45 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
13 
Hainan 9 
1998 
29 000 
261 
21(19+2) 
71X34 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
14 
Hainan 10 
1998 
29 000 
208 
9 
81X30 
1 
RC-30 
(152) 
15 Heilongjiang 
1998 
34 000 
197 
8 
66X40 
1 
RMK 
( 152 ) 
Tab. 2 Results of combined bundle block adjustment 
projects 
number of 
control points 
number of 
check points 
terrain 
Oo 
theoretical accuracy 
(XY/Z) 
practical accuracy 
(XY/Z) 
XYZ 
Z 
XY 
Z 
(m) 
(M 
(m) 
(<*Ò) 
(m) 
(V«) 
1 Taiyuan 
4 
87 
87 
145 
11.2 
0.109/0.302 
1.2/3.4 
0.143/0.190 
1.6 / 2.1 
2 
Tianjin 
4 
10 
36 
50 
560 
16.0 
1.038/ 1.203 
1.8/2.0 
2.135/ 1.000 
3.6/ 1.7 
3 
Hoerbing 
4 
6 
6 
52 
16.5 
0.227/0.299 
1.7 / 2.3 
0.173 /0.406 
1.3/3.1 
4 
Guangxi 
15 
16 
710 
14.0 
2.339/ 1.761 
4.8/3.6 
11.072/2.572 
22.6/5.2 
5 
Hainan 1 
7 
2 
3 
17 
180 
16.4 
1.062/ 1.652 
2.0/3.1 
2.199/1.134 
4.2/2.2 
6 
Hainan 2 
7 
3 
3 
150 
16.3 
0.906/ 1.358 
1.7 / 2.6 
1.484/0.958 
2.8/1.8 
7 
Hainan 3 
7 
7 
7 
1238 
19.7 
0.882/ 1.236 
1.5/2.1 
2.330/ 1.230 
3.9 / 2.1 
8 
Hainan 4 
10 
7 
8 
1013 
24.8 
1.107/ 1.477 
1.5/2.1 
1.760/ 1.026 
2.4/ 1.4 
9 
Hainan 5 
7 
6 
9 
843 
21.6 
1.068/ 1.408 
1.6/2.2 
2.469/ 1.426 
3.8/2.2 
10 
Hainan 6 
8 
7 
11 
1127 
20.8 
0.898/ 1.226 
1.4/2.0 
2.476/0.918 
4.0/ 1.5 
1 1 
Hainan 7 
6 
20 
6 
228 
1138 
17.8 
1.555/ 1.243 
3.0/2.4 
1.556/ 1.521 
3.0/2.9 
12 
Hainan 8 
4 
4 
280 
478 
19.2 
1.550/ 1.413 
2.8/2.5 
1.854/ 1.109 
3.3 / 1.8 
13 
Hainan 9 
4 
17 
3 
19 
1093 
18.5 
1.918/2.338 
3.6/4.4 
1.778/ 1.107 
3.3 / 2.1 
14 
Hainan 10 
4 
13 
8 
257 
557 
19.0 
1.212/1.337 
2.2/2.4 
2.025 / 1.351 
3.7/2.4 
15 Heilongjiang 
4 
14 
15 
22 
433 
16.0 
1.528/ 1.189 
2.8/2.2 
2.324/0.651 
4.3/ 1.2 
During the photo flights GPS receivers were taken by a 
stationary receiver located on a reference point in these 
sites and by another receiver in the moving aircraft. Li 
and L 2 carrier phase observations were recorded at a 
measuring rate of 1—2 second. The GPS dual frequency 
antenna on the aircraft was mounted on the top of the 
aircraft. The exposure signal from the camera had been 
recorded on the GPS time scale through a special input 
device of the external event marks, so that the 3D 
coordinates of the airborne GPS antenna phase center at 
exposure time could be computed. The processing of the 
GPS data recordings were done by using a differential 
method of kinematic GPS relative positioning of the GPS 
antenna on the aircraft with regard to the stationary 
receiver. The GPS antenna positions were interpolated by 
linear interpolation between the two nearest positions 
onto the exposure time /, at which the camera had taken 
the photograph i. 
The combined bundle adjustment with GPS-determined 
camera positions was carried out by using our 
WuCAPS G />5 software package. These adjusted results are 
presented Table 2.