CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium. 26 September - 01 October. 2005. Torino. Italy
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LANDSCAPE MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION IN SUBURBAN AREAS: A CASE
STUDY
Z. Duran, O. Akfay, G. Toz, N.Z. Gulersoy
Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, TURKEY (duranza, akcayoz,gulersoy,tozg@itu.edu.tr)
KEY WORDS: Landscape, GIS, Visualization, Urban planning, DTM
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in computer technology and the availability of digital databases have made it much easier to generate landscape
visualizations that can be used to support decision making on urban planning. GIS is also an important tool for urban planning. GIS
includes software and hardware tools, and a group of procedures elaborated to facilitate the capture, edition, administration,
manipulation, analysis, modeling, representation and the exit of spatial referenced and semantic data, to solve any type of planning,
administration, storage, and further information concerning the problem.
In this study, Municipality of Metropol Istanbul provided data, which has been used in this study, in the scale of 1:1000 digital maps
in micro station format produced by means of photogrammetric techniques from aerial photographs. Digital terrain model (DTM) of
study area was being produced and captured with orthophoto in ArcView software. Afterwards 3D model of the suburb was obtained.
The all attributes which is belong to suburb were also used in 3D model. Therefore, at the end of the research, we created a 3D GIS.
The model is capable of responding a lot of queries for Armutlu suburb area. The research also shows up land use of Armutlu suburb
area. The constructions in the research were almost built without taking official permissions. Consequently, the research is also
seeking ways to save the suburb life for its future.
1. INTRODUCTION
Turkey, as a developing country, has been undergoing a
migration process since the 1950s. Migration from rural to
urban areas or from small towns to big cities has created many
problems that the governments or local authorities had not faced
before. The most severe problems have arisen in Istanbul since
it is the most attractive city for all the citizens. Istanbul had
been one of the most important capitals of the Mediterranean
basin for almost sixteen centuries, starting from the foundation
of Constantinople in the 4th century A.D. and ensuring up to the
end of theOttoman Empire in the 1920s. Istanbul has had to face
three major transformations in its history because of its unique
location. (Turgut,2001).
Starting from the Ottoman period in the 19th century, Istanbul
has experienced migration from different parts of Anatolia and
Thrace at gradually increasing speed. The background of these
newcomers has been the most powerful factor in the reshaping
of the city during the last three decades. Istanbul has been
struggling with the population growth since the 1900's to save
its values against these uncontrollable developments. The
changes which have occurred in Istanbul in the second half of
this century reflect the social and cultural differences of its
population within the transition process.
Migration from rural areas to towns and metropolises both
means a change from rural to urban life as well as a change
from rural production to industrial production. The
characteristics of this transition period from tradition to the
futuristic are reflected in the physical environment. Squatter
settlements are a continuation of rural life styles which develop
in urban areas and change through time. Such an urbanization
starting with migration to towns from rural agricultural
traditional areas and ending in an urban, industrial-modem
society can be analyzed for its values of culture-space
interactions according to different scales, leading to a better
understanding of squatterization as a fact, not only as a problem
area (Turgut, H., et al, 1995).
1.1 The Importance Of Istanbul Metropolitan Area In
Turkey:
The urbanization process in Turkey gained its impetus from
modernization in agriculture. In the late 40’s with
mechanization of agriculture the people in rural areas were
rendered jobless and migrated into the cities to find jobs. They
were employed mostly in the marginal jobs of the service
sector. However, the internal migration process in last 50 years
in Turkey has captured different migratory trends in it. There
are multiple fonns of internal migration like interregional
seasonal migration from rural to urban places; seasonal rural to
rural or migration from rural to urban, from urban to urban and
particularly after late 80’s the forced migration from Eastern
part of the country. The most important consequence of this
rapid internal migration is the beginning of the informal housing
process named Gecekondu settlements in big cities of the
country.
Turkey’s population has risen from 13.6 million people in 1927,
when 76% were rural, to 60.5 million in 1994, when the same
proportion now lived within municipal boundaries. In 1955
4.7% urban population lived in gecekondus, this figure reached
23.7% in 1970’s and %50 in 1984. In 1995, of the estimated
total urban population of 37.8 million (that is, 60.9% of the total
population) lived in gecekondu-type settlements. Between 1960
and 1990, the urban population living in towns increased from 6
million people to 29 million people in other words from 22% to
51%. (Colakoglu, 2004).
With 5512 km area, Istanbul covers nearly 0.71 % of total area
of Turkey and it’s the greatest province of country for
population size (Figure 1). As a result of the industrialisation
and engineering in agriculture in 1950’s and the migration from
rural to urban areas increase the proportion of Istanbul
Metropolitan Area in Turkey’s population from 5.6 % in 1950
to 14,8% in 2000 (Table 1)
Years
Population
Istanbul/Turkey
Proportion (%)
Turkey
Istanbul
1950
20.947.188
1.166.477
5.57
1960
27.754.820
1.882.092
6.78
1970
35.605.176
3.019.032
8.48
1980
44.736.957
4.741.890
10.60
1990
56.473.035
7.309.190
12.94
2000
67.844.903
10.033.478
14.78
Table 1. Population values of Turkey and Istanbul
