In: Wagner W., Székely, B. (eds.): ISPRS TC VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS, Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2010, IAPRS, Voi. XXXVIII, Part 7B 
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THE USE OF AEROSPACE PHOTOGRAPHIES AND REMOTE SENSING DATA IN 
CARTOGRAPHY 
M.H. Gojamanov 
Baku State University, Faculty of Geography, Dept, of Geodesy and Cartography 
23, Z.Khalilov Str., Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ-1148 
KEY WORDS: Photography, Satellite, Image, Resolution, Ikonos, Orthophototransformation, Update map, QuickBird 
ABSTRACT: 
This article dedicated to the features of the use of space imagery and remote sensing data for the various tasks of cartography. 
Maps produced by satellite imagery are more modem and accurate outlines of mapped objects that best represent the phenomena are 
interrelated and that in the absence of such images in general could not be mapped. There was considered two new directions of 
space cartography. The first simulates the cosmic view of the Earth on the maps, which led to the creation of so-called "orbital" 
maps. Combination of traditional cartographic map image with aerospace is the essence of the second direction. Remote Sensing, 
carried out in a wide range of scales, to update maps of small and medium-size directly from the photographs, not seeking renewal of 
large-scale maps. The Technical characteristics of modem space images are suitable for mapping scale of 1:5000 and smaller. 
Cosmic digital images opens up new possibilities: reduction of the cost of repeated surveys, the increase in area coverage areas, 
reducing the distortions associated with the relief. Therefore, surveying from space can become the main method of updating 
topographic maps. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Cosmonautics and remote sensing images have made in 
mapping the Earth is truly revolutionary transformation. 
The main sources of information in remote satellite surveys are 
satellite imagery - images of objects obtained as a result of 
registration with the great distance of their own or reflected 
radiation. 
For mapping use are important the properties of these 
satellite images, as their huge territorial scope and completeness 
of mapping territory. To this have to add simultaneity fulfill 
mapping, a sharp reduction of time collecting information and 
ensuring a high consistency of created on its base the series of 
thematic maps. 
The development of radio electronics led to a flight of 
aerospace systems for imaging areas, different from traditional 
photography, such as television, scanner, radar and thermal 
surveys. 
The introduction of aerospace methods of creating maps and 
the development of automated compilation sheet systems - two 
major problems of modem theoretical and practical cartography 
generated by scientific and technological revolution. 
2. MAIN BODY OF TEXT 
Development of space surveys gave new impetus to the remote 
methods of mapping. They expanded their capabilities - the 
global reach of information, including the previously 
inaccessible area of the Earth and the surface of other planets, 
regular speed and repeatability of receipt and processing of 
information, imaging on the satellite pictures of phenomena that 
otherwise could not fix. 
Maps produced by satellite imagery, are more modem and 
accurate outlines of mapped objects that best represent the 
phenomena are interrelated and that in the absence of such 
images in general could not be mapped (eg, deep faults on 
geological maps). 
Using space images allows for control and revision of maps in 
part: a) the correctness of the boundaries outlines of areals and 
geographical distribution of mapping objects and phenomena; 
b) overlay compilation of cartographic representation and the 
relative position of objects; 
c) the reliability of the content of individual units and maps in 
general. 
In connection with the aerospace mapping there were 
developed two new directions. The first simulates the cosmic 
view of the Earth on the maps, which led to the creation of so- 
called "orbital" maps. Combination of traditional cartographic 
map image with aerospace - the essence of the second direction. 
It led to the creation photomaps. Photomap - this printing 
impression of photomaps, at which the photo image of the area 
obtained by mounting transformed aerospace photography 
(Gruenberg, Lapkina, 1991). These photographs, thanks to the 
generalization of the optical image passing nature of the Earth 
in "natural" form and saving the nuances and details, highlight 
the most significant. 
In the U.S. there photomap this state, assembled from 569 
images obtained by satellite "Landsat". It is reproduced on the 
scale of 1: 250000 to 1: 5 000 000 for the different seasons in 
different spectral regions. Similar photomaps compiled for the 
territory of other countries (Canada, France, Britain, Japan, 
etc.). 
Modem surveying space materials in the quality and level of 
resolution can compete with the aerial photographs as a basis 
for large-scale topographic maps, and the problem of updating 
topographic maps are generally very successfully solved with 
satellite imagery. Remote Sensing, carried out in a wide range 
of scales, to update maps of small and medium-size directly 
from the photographs, not seeking renewal of large-scale maps. 
This gives a great gain in time, in the fullness and present 
information, as well as the rapid cartographic provision of major 
socio-economic projects. 
The modem world is very variable: growing cities, new 
settlements, built roads, communication networks, engineering 
structures, and new areas of mining, cut down forests.