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In: Wagner W., Szdkely, B. (eds.): ISPRS TC VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS, Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2010,1 APRS, Vol. XXXVIII, Part 7B
Figure 16. Church of St. Peter of Alcantara and its vicinity
in an orthophoto from 2003
Aerial photos also help to identify the process of abandonment
in originally agricultural areas which being disused gradually
turn into semi-natural areas.
3.2 Forestation
In most cases, the process of abandonment is succeeded by the
process of forestation in which abandoned areas overgrow with
self-seeded vegetation in the first phase followed by a
subsequent gradual transition to forest stands.
3.3 Submersion
Submersion represents a process of the change of artificial
surfaces, agricultural areas, forests and semi-natural areas into
water bodies. New water surfaces originate primarily as related
very closely to mining (tailings ponds) or secondarily as a
consequence of undermining (submerged ground subsidences).
Aerial photo time series facilitate the identification of the
process from both spatial and temporal points of view (Figure
17).
Figure 17. The area before (year 1947, © MO CR/GeoSI ACR)
and after (year 2003) the occurrence of a submerged
ground subsidence
4. CONCLUSION
The aerial photo analysis of the effects of mining on landscape
showed that both direct and indirect signs must be taken into
consideration in visual photointerpretation. In order to identify
the primary and secondary displays of mining activities stress is
put on direct signs contained in a respective photo: shape, size
tone, colour, texture and structure of an object. However, these
signs must be complemented with the interpretation of indirect
signs, i.e. logical signs that require deep knowledge on the
research phenomena (Ciolkosz, Miszalski, Oledzki, 1999).
Indirect signs used in the interpretation of anthropogenic
landforms include particularly the location of an object and its
relations to other objects in a photo.
Unlike the primary and secondary mining displays, the
processes are absent in the photos, however, they can be derived
from multitemporal analysis of aerial photos. Such processes
are presumed on the basis of indirect signs in combination with
supporting information used in order to differentiate between
mining-related processes and other processes that take place in
the landscape.
Correct interpretation of the displays of deep mining depends
on interpreter’s direct experience with events taking place in the
mining landscape. Subsequently, accurate visual interpretation
of the displays of deep mining enables us to quantify the extent
of changes, determine their direction and analyse processes in
heavily anthropogenically-affected landscape. Aerial photos
represent an important source of information in the study of
territorial differentiation of changes, their intensity, character
and causes. Complex understanding of these processes makes it
possible to predict the landscape development and ecological
and social consequences in the landscape affected by hard coal
deep mining.
5. REFERENCES
Ciolkosz, A., Miszalski, J., Oledzki, J. R., 1999. Interpretation
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Havrlant, M., 1980. Anthropogenic landforms and the
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Jensen, J. R., 2006. Remote Sensing of the Environment. An
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