In: Wagner W„ Székely, B. (eds.): ISPRS TC VII Symposium - 100 Years ISPRS, Vienna, Austria, July 5-7, 2010, IAPRS, Yol. XXXVIII, Part 7B
and mmimums. Authenticity of their selection has been verified
for clearness of border definition of the separate lineament
systems and their general modal of values for all research
territory. The effectiveness of further of research is depended
on authenticity of selection of the lineaments systems.
Then the estimation of conformity of the allocated systems of
lineaments to systems of cracks and breaks of research region
established by other authors must be carried out.
The same analysis method uses orientation of linear
anomalies of the physical fields and geophysical data on the
studied territory. Two indexes for quantitative description of
the lineament fields are used: the quantity (density) and
summary of total length of lineaments. These indexes for unit
of territory are counted. These two indexes are associated, but
they do not duplicate and each complements the other.
For each of the systems are calculated the quantity and total
length of lineaments. Limits of the extended sliding window are
used for this calculation. Windows are oriented in accordance
with azimuths of extended modal (most often met) lineaments
of every system. The sizes of the sliding window depend on the
value of pool depth and quantity of selected lineaments.
Data of special research are ascertained functionally
interdependence of the extent and value of depth of breaks
(Nechaev and other, 1991, Petrov, 1974, Rugich, 1977, Rugich,
Sherman, 1978, Sankov, 1989, Chemishev, 1983, Sherman,
1984, and other). The account of this dependence is used at a
choice of the size of a window of averaging. For this purpose
the analysis of distribution of potential of objects in researched
area on occurrence depth will be carried out. The maps of
density and total length of lineaments are defined with the help
of sliding windows of averaging; the sizes of windows are
defined proceeding from occurrence depths of the basic
horizons of accumulation for prognosis pools.
At a choice of the sizes of sliding window the quantity of
lineaments in window is accountable factor. The calculating the
quantity of lineaments occurring in a sliding window is
necessary for determination of quantity of windows with the
zero values. The quantity of the sliding windows with the zero
values of graph tightness or total length of lineaments must not
exceed 10% from a common quantity. It is defined
experimentally. Otherwise maps of potential are impossible for
interpretation and have small information for the prognosis
research.
In the process of prognosis researches and for geological
interpretation of maps of closeness and total length of
lineaments the method of spatial correlation of values of these
maps with the pools (deposits) and structures selected by the
geologic and geophysical data is used.
For realization of methods and algorithms of analysis of
lineaments fields are written the author's complex programs in
Delphi. We developed programs for the decision of tasks
which had not been included in well-known software’s. The
programs are used to analyze lineaments orientation, excretions
of the systems of lineaments, creation of maps of graph
tightness and total length of lineaments, creation of maps of
knots of crossing of lineaments and transformations of data.
The data formats of our programs are compatible with well-
known software. Calculation control and verification of the
results are tested in GIS, ERDAS Imagine or Maplnfo
Professional.
The following sequence of operations was set in the total:
1) Visual decoding of space images with use of the program of
ERDAS Imagine.
2) Translation of data vector for the format accepted in the
developed program.
3) Data analysis and receipt of results with use of the developed
program.
4) Construction of maps in an isohnes form by the Surfer program.
5) Translation of the file of raster format got by Surfer program.
For the control of calculations and verification of results the data
in GIS-program are visualization.
2.4. Basic prognosis method of oii-and-gas content for territory
with remotely-sensed data
The method of spatial-probabilistic prognostication is used for
oil-and-gas content estimate of the territory. The program, based
on this method, creates maps in the quantitative form for studied
territory. This maps are used for predict potential oil and gas
content of territory. The program uses any quantity of search
features. The minimum area of prognosis potential are
corresponded to pixel size of satellite image used for created of the
prognosis maps.
The complex informative features are formed in the beginning.
For this purpose is used the program of spatial-probabilistic
prognostication for calculating the probabilities of interconnection
of informative features with the objects of prognosis Self
descriptiveness of attributes is established by comparison of
distributions of meanings of analyzed attributes within the limits
of known objects of the forecast with distribution of their
meanings which were defined for a uniform network in the most
investigated territory. For comparison of distributions the Pirson
criterion is used. In a case wide disagreement the functions of the
relation of plausibility are used. On them the interval of meanings
of an attribute is defined, to which the objects of the forecast are
connected and the probability of interconnectivity of objects with
the values of every search feature are calculated. Then the
multidimensional functions of likelihood for complex analysis of
all search features are used. The results of complex analysis
prognosis of territory are maps of potential of oil-and-gas content
in isolines.
The next stage is containing the analyses of maps of prognosis of
potential oil-and-gas content in isolines. Local perspective areas
are selected with the use of expert appraised results. All
information, which for diverse reasons was not used in the process
of prediction, is used. As result we have the calculated potential
values for selected areas. Then for calculated of the values are
realizing ranking and are prepared the recommendations for
conducting research on perspective areas.
Characteristics of the spatial-probabilistic prognostication
method are: realization of semantic control of the results on the all
stages of works; possibility of removal of spurious of features and
inexplicable results.
The potential maps are created on the results of remotely-sensed
data or in a complex with different geological explorations (if they
are available).
The important question is the authenticity of the prognosis
results. Undoubtedly, only drilling can verily the reliability of the
prognosis. It is rarely on the practice. If in the region are known
pool areas, part of them are not used to estimate potential of
territory. They are used as control points to verify the authenticity
of search features in every case. The control points are determined
in every case.
2.5. Results of prognosis research
These research methods were used to creation prognosis maps for
oil and gas pools of the following provinces: West Siberian
(Latitudinal Priobie and Yamalo-Nenetskiy autonomous region),
Sakhalin (North-Sakhalin and West-Sakhalin pools), Timano-
Pechora and Dneprovo-Donetsk.
The explorations were conducted the south-east of the
Dneprovo - Donetsk Province on a territory of about 1000 sq. km.
Relief of research territory is hilly with by the many ravines. Small