The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part BL Beijing 2008
Image Size
18427 * 23136 pixels
Resolution
0.9*1.8 m
Topography
Flat
imaging mode
HIMAGE
Time of Acquisition
2008/03/15/11:05:03.5
Product Type
ssc
Table 2. Basic information on the Shanghai COSMO-SkyMed
imagery.
4. THE TEST OF THE UNBIASED RPC ESTIMATOR
Based on the RPC conclusions of Tao, the third order RPC
model cases with an unequal denominator achieve the best
accuracy when the rigorous sensor model is available (Tao et al.,
2001). This paper will only test the fitting of a third order RPC
with an unequal denominator.
2006 Annual Conference Proceedings, URL: http://socetset.com
[Accessed: 1 Jan 2007].
Dolloff, J., 2004. Replacement Sensor Model Tagged Record
Extensions Specification for NITF 2.1 APPENDIX C , URL:
http://l 64.214.2.51/ntb/coordinationitems/
RSM%20TRE%20Appendiix%20C_July_23_04.pdf [Accessed:
1 Jan 2007].
Kampes B., 2005. Delft Object-oriented Radar Interferometric
Software User's manual and technical documentation, URL:
http://enterprise.lr.tudelft.nl/doris/tAccessed: 1 Jan 2007].
Xinzhou Wang, Dingyou Liu, Qianyong Zhang, and Hailan
Huang, 2001. The Iteration by Correcting Characteristic Value
and Its Application in Surveying Data Processing, Journal of
Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, 15(2):3—6.
According to the thinking explained above, RPC fitting based Grodecki J., 2001. IKONOS stereo feature extraction-RPC
on the rigorous sensor model was performed ( Kampes, 2005). approach, Proceedings of ASPRS, Conference, 2001, St. Louis
These results are based on an established 3D Grid GCPs ( on cdrom).
consisting of 15 elevation layers, each with 200 pixel * 200
pixel grid points. The results are listed below. Danchao Gong and Yongsheng Zhang, 2003. The Solving and
Application of Rational Function Model, Journal of Instituteof
5. CONCLUSIONS Surveying and Mapping, 20(1 ):39-42.
The RPC model has recently raised considerable interest in the
photogrammetry and remote sensing community. The RPC is a
generalized sensor model that is capable of achieving high
approximation accuracy in comparison to the rigorous sensor
models. In this paper, the unbiased RPC estimator is derived.
The unbiased estimator is proposed to strengthen the solutions
when the condition of the normal equations is poor. Based on
numerous tests with terrain-independent scenarios, the
following conclusions can be draw.
The RPC model can achieve an approximation accuracy (1%
pixel RMS ) that is extremely high for satellite data. The results
support the view that the the RPC model, can be used as a
replacement for sensor models for photogrammetric restitution.
The RPC model is suited not only for push-broom imagery but
also for high resolution SAR imagery.
Check points
Control points
Y
X
planarity
Y
X
planarity
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
0.4
0.1
2.6
1.6
2.6
1.6
0.5
0.1
2.2
1.2
2.2
1.2
Table 3. The accuracy of the 3rd order RPC with unequal
denominator on the Beijing TerraSAR-X imagery (lO^pixel).
Liang-Chien Chen, Tee-Ann Teo, and Chien-Liang Liu, 2006.
the Geometrical Comparisons of RSM and RFM for
FORMOSAT-2 Satellite Images, Photogrammetric Engineering
and Remote Sensing, 72 (5): 573-579.
OGC (OPEN GIS CONSORTIUM), 1999. The OpenGIS
abstract specification-topic 7: earth imagery, URL: http:
www.opengis.org [Accessed: lJan 2007].
SPOT Imagery, 2002. SPOT SATELLITE GEOMETRY
HANDBOOK, URL: http://ftp.spot.com [Accessed: 1 Jan 2007].
Tao, C. V. and Y. Hu, 2001. A comprehensive study of the
rational function model for photogrammetric processing,
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 67(12):
1347-1357.
Toutin, T., 2004. Review Paper: Geometric processing of
remote sensing images: models, algorithms and methods, URL:
http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca [Accessed: 1 Jan 2007].
Guo Zhang, 2005. Rectification for High Resolution Remote
Sensing Image Under Lack of Ground Control Points, Ph.D.
Dissertation, Wuhan University.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Check points
Control points
Y
X
planarity
Y
X
planarity
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
max
RMS
1.5
0.4
-8.5
2.9
8.5
3.0
1.8
0.4
-9.6
3.0
9.7
3.1
Table 4. The accuracy of the 3rd order RPC with unequal
denominator on the Shanghai COSMO-SkyMed imagery (10‘
4 pixel).
REFERENCES
de Venecia, K. J., F. Paderes, and A.S. Walker, 2006. Rigorous
Sensor Modeling and Triangulation for Orbview-3, ASPRS
Thanks are due for the support from the Natural Science Fund
of P. R. China (No. 40601084 and No. 40523005), the Open
Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Satellite
Ocean Environment Dynamics (No. SOED0602), Open
Research Fund Program of the Geomatics and Applications
Laboratory, Liaoning Technical University, open research
subject of Key Laboratory of Geo-informatics of State Bureau
of Surveying and Mapping (Project No. A1721), and China
International Science and Technology Cooperation Project:
High-Resolution Stereo Mapping Satellite: Field Geometric
Calibration and Application (Project No. 2006DFA71570), and
Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National