The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part Bl. Beijing 2008 
1368 
The DSM accuracy in Catalonia was slightly more than one 
pixel, without any manual editing, and in spite of multitemporal 
differences with the reference data, which was a DTM. For 
Sakurajima, the DSM results were poorer, mainly due to the 
reasons explained in Section 5.2. Thus, these results are not 
representative of the Cartosat-1 potential. In general, Cartosat-1 
has a good potential for generation of DSMs with a grid spacing 
of about 10 m and accuracy (RMSE) of about 3 m. However, 
this can be achieved only by using GCPs (modest in number, 
but well measurable). 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We would like to acknowledge ISRO, India for co-organising 
this test and providing the image data, DLR (M. Lehner) and 
ICC Catalonia for providing the reference data of the Catalonia 
test site. We would like also to thank the Japan Association of 
Remote Sensing (JARS) for providing the GCPs for the 
Sakurajima testfield, and Kokusai Kogyo Co. Ltd. for providing 
the reference DSM, and acknowledge Prof. Shunji Murai for his 
support in this study. 
REFERENCES 
Baltsavias, E., Kocaman, S., Akca, D., Wolff, K., 2007. 
Geometric and radiometric investigations of Cartosat-1 data. In: 
International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and 
Spatial Information Sciences, 36(1/W51), 13 p., on CD-ROM. 
Available at 
http://www.commissionl.isprs.org/harmover07/start.htm 
(accessed 29 January, 2008). 
Cartosat, 2008. http://www.isro.org/Cartosat/ (accessed 29 
January, 2008). 
Cartosat-1 Handbook, 2006. Available at 
http://www.nrsa.gov.in/IRS_Documents/Handbook/cartosatl.pd 
f (accessed 29 January, 2008). 
EOPortal, 2007. 
http://directory.eoportal.org/pres_IRSP5IndianRemoteSensingS 
atelliteP5CartoSatl.html (accessed 29 January, 2008). 
Gruen, A., Akca, D., 2005. Least squares 3D surface and curve 
matching. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote 
Sensing, 59(3), pp. 151-174. 
Gruen A., Zhang L., Eisenbeiss H., 2005. 3D Precision 
Processing Of High Resolution Satellite Imagery. ASPRS 2005, 
Baltimore, Maryland, USA, March 7-11 (on CD-ROM). 
Gruen, A., Murai, S., Baltsavias, E., Kocaman, S., Wolff, K., 
Hanusch, T., 2008. Investigations on the ALOS/PRISM and 
AVNIR-2 Sensor Models and Products. Interim PI Report for 
JAXA, 31 January. 
Krishnaswamy, M., 2002. Sensors and Platforms for High 
Resolution Imaging for Large Scale Mapping Applications - 
Indian Scenario. Indian Cartographer, DAPI-01, URL: 
http://www.incaindia.org/technicalpapers/02_DAPI01.pdf 
(accssed 29 January, 2008). 
Krishnaswamy, M., Kalyanaraman, S., 2002. Indian Remote 
Sensing Satellite Cartosat-1: Technical features and data 
products. Paper presented at Map Asia 2002 conference, 7-9 
August, Bangkok, Thailand. Available at 
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/rs/techrs023.htm 
(accessed 29 January, 2008). 
Lehner, M., Müller, R., Reinartz, P., Schroeder, M., 2007. 
Stereo Evaluation of CARTOSAT-1 Data for French and 
Catalonian Test Sites. In: International Archives of 
Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information 
Sciences, 36(1/W51), 5 p., on CD-ROM. Available at 
http://www.commissionl.isprs.org/hannover07/start.htm 
(accessed 29 January, 2008). 
Zhang, L., 2005. Automatic Digital Surface Model (DSM) 
Generation from Linear Array Images. Ph.D. Dissertation, 
Report No. 88, Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, ETH 
Zurich. Available at http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/ecol- 
pool/diss/fulltext/eth 16078.pdf (accessed 29 January, 2008