art B4. Beijing 2008
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008
RDINATION
I
archy, surveying and
responsibilities of
nicipal and County
into four layers at
bounty level. Each
eying and mapping.
>ervision in Shaanxi,
ies have their own
1. Mapping agencies
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e main members of
t role in establishing
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ipment, it holds the
en major members,
ice (CAS), Ministry
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es (MLR), Ministry
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ovemment agencies
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t should set up the
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established in more
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icially approved by
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cient governance as
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iases including the
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SM are playing an
ational data node of
GF will give strong
4. GEOSPATIAL FRAMEWORK DATASETS
As a large key project, the National Fundamental Geographical
Information System (NFGIS) has been worked for more than
ten years. The concept of Digital China has been invented only
a few years ago, and the NFGIS is playing a kernel role. The
NFGIS consists of 1:1 million, 1:250k, 1:50k topographic
databases and information service system. All provinces are
establishing the local fundamental GIS served as components
of the NFGIS. At this moment, the 1:1 million and 1:250k
databases have been established and revised twice. The 1:50k
database has been completed in 2005. This database contains
more than 24000 map sheets of DRQ DEM, DOM, DLG and
other datasets. The DEM has 25 meters by 25 meter grid. The
DOM has 1 meter resolution derived from black/white aerial
photo and remote sensed images derived from SPOT and
LandSat. The DLG consists of geodetic control points,
hydrographic features, transportation network and facilities,
boundaries, built up area and construction, elevation, land cover,
geographic names and annotations. All the datasets have
metadata captured and managed. The full revision of the 1:50K
database is undergoing to be finished in 2010. There are about
2 million KM' land not covered by 1:50k topographic maps yet.
SBSM is carrying out the West China Mapping Project to be
finished in 2010. China will be fully covered by 1:50k
fundamental geographical information to complete the national
level geospatial framework datasets.
Most provincial surveying and mapping bureaus are
establishing 1:10k topographic databases as the kernel
components of the local FGIS as the core part of the local SDI
program. SBSM has drafted the technical guide book for 1:10k
fundamental GIS construction. The geospatial data sets have
the similar contents as the national 1:50k geospatial data.
SBSM will release A Technical Outline for the Construction
of Digital Region Geospatial Framework very soon.
Most municipal FGIS are focusing on urban planning, land
administration and precise municipal management. This type of
FGIS uses 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 map scales and includes more
urban facilities. The standards related to municipal FGIS are
not fully compatible with the national ones. SBSM is
performing its best to uniform all the standards for geospatial
information in the future.
5. CATALOG AND DATA CLEARINGHOUSE
Similar to the traditional maps, geographical information has
been widely used in land administration, forestry, statistics,
municipal management, communication and disaster
monitoring etc. Governments have made a great deal of
investment to acquire geographical information. There are more
than 10000 organizations and firms doing business on
geospatial industry. All digital geospatial datasets have
metadata collected. GISs have been established in many
domains such as urban planning, land resources, forestry
management, police, statistics, transportation, etc. However,
they are still isolated according to the security classification for
data sharing via Intemet/Intranet. Most GISs are for internal
use not accessible to public. There are several companies
offering Web Map service to public but not approved by SBSM.
There are many people browsing Google Earth and Microsoft
Virtual World.
SBSM has organized the implementation of the National
Project of Surveying and Mapping Infrastructure Project for 4
years. Every provincial bureau of surveying and mapping has
setup the systems for geospatial data acquisition, management
and distribution. The project costed 240 million Chinese Yuan
for establishing the geospatial information network, data
processing bases and information distribution systems. The
China National Network of Surveying and Mapping has been
already operated for several years. It will run as the information
exchanging framework for DCGF. Its coverage will be
extended to connect all provinces in near future.
The e-Govemment Program has outlined the catalog and data
clearinghouse for non-geospatial data. There is a great need for
catalog and clearinghouse to be set up for geospatial data. The
establishment of NRGID will change the current situation.
SBSM has made the plan to establish the catalog and data
clearinghouse nationwide. The National Fundamental
Geospatial Information Gateway or Clearinghouse is under
construction in the National Geomatics Center (NGC), a
non-government agency of the SBSM. All the provincial
mapping agencies are establishing the Geospatial Data Catalog
Service Systems to cope with the national geospatial data
cataloging system.
6. PUBLIC SERVICE SYSTEM
China has established the digital system for surveying and
mapping in the last decade. According to the popularity of ICT
and a great mass of internet users and mobile phone holders,
the public needs for geospatial information are increasing
dramatically. Geospatial information services are moving to the
mainstream of IT. Nowadays the governmental mapping
agencies are mainly offering geospatial information service to
government and non-govemmental organizations. The services
to enterprises are limited. The services to public community are
still quite rare and with poor resolution.
According to the latest governance structure reform, all
governments are focused on economic adjustment, market
supervision, social administration and public service. Mapping
agencies are requested to give good service of geospatial
information to the public. SBSM has decided to establish the
informatizational system of surveying and mapping to promote
smart geospatial information services to various customers. The
public service system of DCGF will be established step by step
in the process to achieve the objective mentioned above.
SBSM will speed up the process to produce more public
geospatial data products. The public service system would
consist of several platforms. The first one is the governmental
geospatial information service platform connected to the
Intranet. All relevant authorities could share geospatial data
through this platform. The second one is the national geospatial
analysis and statistics platform to assist economic adjustment.
The third one is the common geospatial information
environment for value-added companies to tailor and add
thematic information for various purposes. The fourth one is
the public geospatial information service network. There is no
limit to have more featured platforms. The most critical issue is
how to make classified geospatial information declassified for
public accessible.
7. PRACTICES AND PILOT PROJECTS
The construction of DCGF has been listed with high priority at
SBSM. There are two of third provinces or autonomous regions
planned the Digital Region Geospatial Framework as local