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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008 
Work Steps 
28 micron 
72 MB 
21 micron 
125 MB 
14 micron 
270 MB 
Preparation 
5 
min/image 
5 
min/image 
5 
min/image 
Scanning 
5 min 
8 min 
12 min 
Control& 
Enhacements 
2 min 
2 min 
2 min 
Data Transfer 
1.5 min 
3 min 
6 min 
Pyramit Calcul. 
2 min 
4 min 
5 min 
Icon calculation 
1 min 
1 min 
1 min 
Automatic IO 
1 min 
1.5 min 
2 min 
Auto. TPM 
2.5 min 
3.5 min 
5 min 
Control&Add. 
Meas. 
7 min 
7 min 
7 min 
Bundle Adjust. 
&I/0 
6 min 
6 min 
6 min 
Left Epipolar 
Calculation 
4 min 
6 min 
14 min 
Right Epipolar 
CA. 
4 min 
6 min 
14 min 
L.Epi. Pyramit 
CA. 
1 min 
4 min 
5 min 
R.Epi. Pyramit 
CA. 
1 min 
4 min 
5 min 
General Control 
1 min 
1 min 
1 min 
Table 1. Test block work steps and required times 
Planimetry- 
Hight 
28 micron 
Planimetry- 
Hight 
21 micron 
Planimetry- 
Hight 
14 micron 
Aprio.sig.image 
points 
5 micron 
5 micron 
5 micron 
Aprio.sig.contr. 
points 
2-5 cm 
2-5 cm 
5-8 cm 
Apost..sig.image 
points 
11 -26 mm 
7-15 mm 
4-8 mm 
Apost..sig.cont. 
points 
40-40 mm 
18-18 mm 
50-22 mm 
Sigma Naught 
36 mm 
21 mm 
13 mm 
Table 2. Test block accuracy informations 
After creating models, digital terrain models were calculated for 
test area in different grid width (10,30,50 meter) using 
MATCH-T software. Computing times differs according to 
scanning resolutions. For example in 14 micron Match-t needs 
1.5 hours. In very sense buildings area at least %50 dtm points 
needs editing. Of course it takes too much time. All edited dtm 
points were inserted required format to use for orthophoto. 
Table 3 shows DTM specifications and information. 
As a default parameters for orthophoto production “pixel by pixel” 
method for geometry , “bicubic” method for radiometry and 
1:1000 output scale of orthophoto were chosen. Ground resolutions 
of orthophoto estimated using image scale and scanning resolutions. 
Table 4 shows summary information of produced orthophotos. 
Finally, general comparison of measured details have been 
presented at Table 5. 
Terrain type : Undulating(rural area, DTM area : 600*970 m 
Shanty and dense DTM app sigma=0.10 m 
high Buildings) Morphology :NO 
Smoothing : Medium 
Average Sea L.:130 m 
Scan Res. 
DTM 
Method(M/A) 
Grid Width 
Intern Accu. 
Mesh size 
Point/Mesh 
Num.of Points 
EditingTime 
Calc Time 
Data Col.Width 
28 
M 
50 
- 
- 
- 
247 
- 
15 
50 
28 
M 
30 
- 
- 
- 
704 
- 
40 
30 
28 
M 
10 
- 
- 
- 
5950 
- 
300 
10 
28 
A 
50 
0.040 
48*48 
26 
273 
7 
30 
5 
28 
A 
30 
0.036 
48*48 
13 
714 
18 
30 
5 
28 
A 
10 
0.044 
19*19 
4 
6039 
150 
30 
21 
A 
50 
0.038 
32*32 
8 
260 
7 
40 
2.5 
21 
A 
30 
0.037 
38*38 
11 
693 
17 
34 
3 
21 
A 
10 
0.038 
32*32 
8 
6039 
150 
40 
2.5 
14 
A 
50 
0.033 
48*48 
15 
278 
7 
80 
2.5 
14 
A 
30 
0.033 
48*48 
15 
714 
18 
80 
2.5 
14 
A 
10 
0.033 
48*48 
15 
6143 
150 
80 
2.5 
Table 3.DTM specification and information 
4. CONCLUSION 
Signalised check points(which describes rural areas) are sufficient 
for 1:1000 scale. Buildings by shift vector and signalised check 
points (which describes urban areas) are insufficient for 1:1000 
scale building by two OP are sufficient for 1:1000 scale. 
If we have true orthophotos we can measure both terrestrial 
boundaries and manmade objects such as buildings without 
using any shift vectors. And this results show us that 
orthophotos or true orthophotos can be produced very fast, 
accurately and reliable for not only cadastral application but 
also updating and maintaining cadastral GIS databases, 
classifying and mapping pervious and impervious surface areas, 
identifying wetland areas, updating land use maps, estimating 
crop yields and health, preparing timber stand inventories, 
planning for new construction sites, verifying areas for licensing 
and permitting pipeline management utilities infrastructure 
management ,oblique photography for land management and 
disaster management.