The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing 2008
1006
Region
HRSC Orbit(s)
Covered Area: Lat/Lon
Scale(s)
Map Tvpe(s)
Alba Patera
68
39.IN -41.ON
255.0E - 257.5E
200k
OMKT
Albor Tholus
32
18.ON - 20.0N
149.5E - 15 LIE
200k
OMKT, OMKN
Candor Chasma
1235
7.9S- 5.9S
282.3E - 284.3E
200k
OMC
Centauri/Hellas
2510
41.0S-37.0S
95.0E - 97.5E
200k. 300k
OMKT
Chasma Boreale
1154
83.ON - 87.0N
306.0E - 336.0E
200k
OMKT, OMKN
Dokka
1177
77.ON - 79.ON
210.0E - 220.0E
200k
OMKN
Hydraotes Chaos
18
0.7N- 1.7N
322.7E - 324.6E
100k
OMKT
Iani Chaos
912, 923, 934
3.0S- 1 .ON
342.0E - 344.OE
200k, 100k, 50k
OMKT
Mangala Valles
286, 299
9.OS - 3.0S
208.0E -210.0E
200k
OMKT, OMKN
Nanedi Valles
894, 905, 927
3.8N- 5.8N
311.3E - 313.3E
200k
OMC
North Pole
1154,1167
89.ON - 90.0N
0.0E - 360.0E
200k
OMKN
Sabrina Valles
894, 905, 927
9.8N - 13.3N
310.0E - 314.0E
400k
OMKT
Tithonium Chasma
442
7.0S- 5.OS
268.0E - 270.0E
200k
OMKT
Centauri/Hellas
2510
39.8S - 36.8S
95.0E - 97.5E
300k
G (OMKG)
Gusev
24, 27, 285, 335
18.OS - 10.0S
172.0E - 179.0E
600k
C.
Hale Bond
511,533
30.5S - 38.OS
320.5E - 327.0E
600k, 750k
G (OMKG)
Table 1. Regions of Mars and related HRSC map products. (Map type designators following Greeley & Batson, 1990: OM =
orthoimage mosaic; C = contour lines; N = nomenclature; T = topography, i.e. both contours and nomenclature; G = geology; K =
color)
The Martian surface is covered in 10,372 individual sheets in
equal-area projections: Sinusoidal projection for latitudes
between 85° north and south and Lambert Azimuthal Equal-
Area projection around the poles. While all map sheets feature
2° in latitude, the longitude extent increases from 2° in the
equatorial zone towards 360° at the poles. Therefore, the
mapped area is similar for all sheets (about 120x120 km 2 ). The
series’ cartographic concept forms the basis for special target
maps in different scales and also for thematic mapping (Albertz
et al., 2004).
The common Martian reference body for planimetry is a
rotational ellipsoid with an equatorial axis of 3396.19 ±0.10
km and a polar axis of 3376.20 ± 0.10 km. This parameter set is
defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as the
Mars IAU 2000 ellipsoid (Seidelmann et al., 2002). According
to IAU conventions two different types of ellipsoidal coordinate
systems are in use. One consists of positive western longitudes
in combination with planetographic latitudes (west/planeto-
graphic), the other one of positive eastern longitudes and
planetocentric latitudes (east/planetocentric). The latter is
recommended by the Mars Geodesy/Cartography Working
Group (MGCWG) to be employed in future map products
(Duxbury et al., 2002). Therefore, the east/planetocentric
system is defined also as the standard for Mars Express
mapping (Albertz et al., 2005b).
An Areoid (Martian Geoid) is the topographic reference surface
for heights (Seidelmann et al., 2004). It has been derived from
Mars Global Surveyor data and is defined as the equipotential
surface (gravitational plus rotational) whose average value at
the equator is equal to the mean radius of 3396.0 km (Smith et
al., 2001).
3. MAP PRODUCTS
The first maps have been generated in summer 2004. Until the
end 2007, a variety of topographic and also thematic maps of
different Martian regions has been produced (Table 1, Figure 1).
3.1 Topographic Standard Sheets
In general, considering HRSC image widths (> 60 km), adjacent
orbits have to be mosaicked to cover a sheet of the Topographic
Image Map Mars 1:200,000 series. However, maps within the
regular sheet lines have already been accomplished in summer
2004 showing the Mangala Valles complex. Since then, several
sheets of different regions of Mars have been produced (Albertz
et al., 2005a, 2005b; Gehrke et al., 2006a; Gehrke et al., 2007a).
Figure 2 shows two adjacent standard sheets in the north-polar
region on either side of the 85° parallel, which is the transition
of the two map projections. These topographic maps combine
high-resolution HRSC orthoimages with contour lines from
Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The sheets “M 200k
84.00N/315.00E OMKT” (Sinusoidal projection) and “M 200k
86.00N/326.00E OMKT” (Lambert Azimuthal projection) of
the Topographic Image Map Mars 1:200,000 cover 2° by 18°
and 2° by 24°, respectively. The depicted Chasma Boreale
almost divides the ice cap and reveals (in Martian summer)
layered structures of water ice and dust. Contour lines nicely fit
with these layers and, moreover, give a good impression of the
topography of the almost textureless ice cap (Gehrke et al.,
2007a). The standard map sheet of the north pole itself has also
been produced.