The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
733 
Ver 
Compression 
APs 
Rej 
SigmaO 
STD-X 
STD-Y 1 STD-Z 
RMSE-X 
RMSE-Y 
RMSE-Z 
pm/pixel 
of CHK+TIE points (mm) 
at CHK points (mm) 
51 
1.0 (TIFF - 22.9MB) 
10 
0 
0.26/0.10 
0.047 
0.082 
0.040 
0.077 
0.120 
0.059 
52 
5.5 (Q100-4,2MB) 
10 
0 
0.26/0.10 
0.047 
0.082 
0.040 
0.078 
0.124 
0.059 
53 
41.6 (Q70-0.5MB) 
10 
0 
0.26/0.10 
0.047 
0.082 
0.040 
0.077 
0.132 
0.060 
Table 6. JPEG compression test with F828 (GCP/CHK/TIE are 44/43/81 respectively). 
Ver 
GCP 
CHK 
TIE 
APs 
Rej 
SigmaO 
STD-X 
STD-Y 
STD-Z 
RMSE-X 
RMSE-Y 
RMSE-Z 
tun/pixel 
of CHK+TIE points (mm) 
at CHK points (mm) 
61 
87 
0 
99 
10 
0 
0.54/0.25 
0.151 
0.241 
0.130 
N.A. 
N.A. 
N.A. 
62 
44 
43 
99 
10 
0 
0.52/0.24 
0.147 
0.234 
0.127 
0.381 
0.471 
0.203 
63 
10 
77 
99 
10 
0 
0.49/0.22 
0.155 
0.245 
0.136 
0.574 
0.636 
0.222 
64 
186 
- 
free 
10 
0 
0.48/0.22 
0.138 
0.217 
0.116 
N.A. 
N.A. 
N.A. 
Table 7. Temporal stability test of N93 (image acquisition on 30 th September, 2007). 
(a) (c) (e) 
(b) (d) (f) 
Figure 7. Systematic residual patterns after the self-calibrating bundle adjustment. 
3.5 JPEG test with F828 
The use of JPEG images for the image measurements of K750i, 
N93 and W100 raised the question whether the JPEG 
compression has an effect on the results. The original TIFF 
images of the F828 were converted to quality level 100 
(maximum quality) and 70 JPEG images, using the free 
software IrfanView (version 3.98, http://www.irfanview.com/). 
Table 6 gives the results. The loss of empirical accuracy due to 
~ 42 times JPEG compression is only 12 microns in depth 
(version 51 and 53 in Table 6). The other coordinates are of the 
same accuracy. Our results are controversial to those results 
given in Lam et al. (2001), Li et al. (2002) and Shih and Liu 
(2005). However, their tests are on aerial images, while we have 
a close-range test object under good illumination conditions. 
3.6 Stability test with N93 
In order to check the temporal stability of the interior 
orientation over time, we acquired two sets of images of N93, 
the first dataset on 6 th Februray, 2007 (whose results are given 
in Chapter 3.2 and in Table 3) and the second on 30 th 
September, 2007. Both datasets have the same number of 
images and roughly the same acquisition geometry. The 
numerical results of the second epoch are given in Table 7. The 
September 2007 dataset has slightly better theoretical precision 
and empirical accuracy numbers than the February 2007 results. 
This is because of slightly better convergent image acquisition 
geometry of September 2007 dataset. We have found similar 
systematic error patterns also on the September 2007 images 
(Figure 8a and 8b).