The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
Figure 6. External shutter device to control the stereo cameras 
The cameras were setup at 200mm stereo base distance with 
70% stereo overlapping area. The camera system was setup at 
700mm object distance (distance between camera to subject). 
Table 1 shows the full specifications of Sony DSC F828 
professional digital camera. 
Imaging Device 
2/3 " 8.0 Megapixel Effective 
Super HAD™ CCD 
Recording Media 
Memory Stick® Media, Memory 
Stick PRO™ Media, Microdrive 
and CompactFlash® Type I/II 
Media 
Zoom 
7X Optical, 2X Digital, 0 -5X 
Smart Zoom™ Feature 1, Up to 
35X Total Zoom1 
Filter Diameter 
58mm 
Focal Length 
7.1mm - 51mm 
35mm Equivalent 
28mm - 200mm 
Aperture 
J2.0-2.8 
Shutter Speed 
Auto (1/8-1/3200 sec), Program 
Auto (1-1/3200 sec) Shutter 
Priority (30-1/2000), Manual 
(30- 1/3200) 
Manual Exposure 
±2.0 EV, 1/3 EVStep 
Color LCD 
1.8" 134K Pixels Low 
Temperature Polysilicon TFT 
Eye-Level Finder 
Hi-Speed TTL 0.44" 235K Pixels 
Precision TFT LCD 
Flash Modes 
Auto/Forced On/Forced Off/Slow 
Synchro 
Flash Effective Range 
19 3/4" - 14' 9 3/4" (0.5m - 4.5m) 
White Balance 
Auto, Daylight, Cloudy, 
Fluorescent, Incandescent, 
Flash, One-Push Manual 
Picture Effects 
Solarize, Sepia, Negative Art 
Still Image Modes 
JPEG (Fine/Standard), TIFF, 
RAW, Burst, Auto Bracketing, 
Email, Voice Memo 
USB Terminal 
Supports USB 2.02 High Speed 
Battery Type/Capacity 
InfoLithium® NP-FM50 
1180mAH Rated 
Dimensions 
5 5/16"x 3 9/16"x 6 3/16" 
(134.4 x 91.1 x 156.7mm) 
Weight 
2.12 lbs (955g) with accessories 
Table 1. Sony Cybershot F828 full specifications 
2.3 Three dimensional (3D) Laser Scanning System 
The basis idea to involve the 3D laser scanning system in the 
development of craniofacial spatial data is to capture the 
craniofacial surface model in fast and high accuracy data 
capturing mode. The 3D surface laser scanning system was 
generally designed in two method of operations; time flight 
method and triangulation method. For short distance scanning 
case (like scanning human face), most of the 3D laser scanners 
in the market was design and built using the triangulation 
method. The triangulation method is based on triangle concept 
that linked the laser device, charge couple device (CCD) camera 
and the scanning object. 
After the initial evaluation of a few laser scanning products, the 
Minolta VI-910 3D laser scanner (as in Figure 7) was selected 
and two of these scanners were used to scan the whole 
craniofacial area. Each of these laser scanners emits an eye 
safe Class I laser (FDA) with >.=690nm at 30mW with an object 
to scanner distance of 600-2500mm. The scanner can be 
operated in two types of scanning modes; fast mode and fine 
mode. The fast mode scanning period is 0.3s while the fine 
mode scanning period is 2.5s. Minolta VI-910 used charge 
couple device (CCD) camera that can acquire 300,000 3D data 
points (fine mode scan) and 78,000 3D data points (fast mode 
scan). The scanner output data is the 3D surface of scanning 
object with 640 x 480 pixel RGB texture data. The scanner 
provide three types of CCD lenses with different focal length(f); 
wide(f =8mm), middle (f =14mm) and tele(f =25mm). The 
chose of the lens normally based on the size of the object to be 
scan and the object distance. Both scanners were setup at 
1200mm from the patient. Table 2 show full specifications of 
VI-910 laser scanner. 
Figure 7. The Minolta VI-910 3D laser scanning system 
The Minolta VI-910 can operate the scanning job in two modes 
of measurements either “on-line” mode or “off-line” mode. 
The “on-line” mode allowed the user to control the scanners 
from the computer via Polygon Editing Tool (PET) software 
(software that purchased along with the scanner system). The 
scanning data can be stored directly to hard disk. While the 
offline scanning approach allowed the user to scan object by 
using the built in scanning button designed at the back of the 
scanner and the scanning data was be stored in the memory 
compact flash card and can easily downloaded using digital card 
reader that available in the market. For the purposed of 
capturing craniofacial 3D spatial data, the on-line measurement 
mode was used, look forward that the job was done in the 
laboratory (Figure 8). 
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