The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
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5.2 Planar Surface Correction 
As a final indicator of the efficacy of the proposed models, a 
planar, matte white target was imaged with the same SR-3000 
at normal incidence from a nominal distance of 1.5 m. The 
target filled the entire LRC field of view, so material 
reflectivity was constant throughout the image. Figure 9 shows 
two views of the raw, uncorrected point cloud and the data 
corrected with the case 3 and 4 models. Note the highly 
distorted shape of the raw data, the large (i.e. up to 800 mm) 
corrections in the Z co-ordinates (closely aligned to the range 
direction) and the residual un-flatness in the case 3 results. The 
latter is corrected by the two empirical terms included in the 
case 4 10 model. 
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK 
An integrated method for LRC self-calibration and 
corresponding systematic error models have been proposed. 
Three particular 10 models having 4, 11 and 13 parameters 
were examined in detail. In terms of model efficacy as 
measured by the RMS of self-calibration residuals, the 4- 
parameter, basic 10 case was found to provide little 
improvement over the case of adjustment without any 10 
parameters. The other two models resulted in considerable 
improvement due to the large-magnitude range error correction 
terms that were estimated, but there was little difference 
between the two sets of results. The accuracy assessment test 
resulted in very similar outcomes. The example of planar 
surface correction demonstrated the benefit of the empirical 
terms that modelled residual un-flatness. The chosen target 
design provided good results in terms of the image co-ordinate 
measurement residuals, but less favourable results in terms of 
the range residuals due to surface reflectance dependent biases. 
A circular target design is currently being pursued to overcome 
this problem in order to improve the self-calibration results. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of David 
Belton and Dr Kwang-Ho Bae. 
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