The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
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compared with the outbreaks and generally the construction is 
performed not to generate them as long as possible to ensure the 
lining sections, but in this study, the underbreak quantity by the 
interval of cross section was somehow largely determined on 
the whole. This is judged to be occurred due that the underbreak 
of lower part of tunnel in the construction is removed away by 
the trench process at the final step. And there was the tendency 
that the outbreak quantity and the underbreak quantity were 
decreased as the interval of section becomes large and the case 
of 20m interval showed further large difference as compared 
with the value determined by the short interval. 
m3 2.959 
> Overbreak B Underbreak 
Figure 21. Distribution chart of overbreak and underbreak 
classified an interval of cross section 
4. DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS SECTION 
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TUNNEL 
4.1 Characteristic of System 
For the plan of tunnel, the safe construction and the future 
maintenance and management, the cross section management 
system in tunnel was developed. As the important 
characteristics of cross section management system in tunnel, 
like Figure22, first, it is composed to make it possible to check 
the real time constructing states and perform monitoring 
because it links the parts on the drawing management such as 
the planning plane figure, vertical cross section and horizontal 
cross section, etc for the construction of tunnel with this system. 
Secondly, as calculating the outbreak quantity and the 
underbreak quantity, etc of tunnel as the excavating quantity in 
the construction of tunnel, it can provide the foundation data for 
the state and the plan of construction in future. Thirdly, as using 
the characteristic information and the space information of 
topography space, it was constructed to be applied to the 
efficient maintenance and management on the tunnel. 
4.2 Cross section management system in tunnel 
The composition of cross section management system in the 
tunnel can be largely classified into 2 kinds of important parts 
like Figure 23. The first part was composed as the part related 
to the construction and the use of space information of tunnel 
and the second part was as the part related to the excavated 
cross section of tunnel. 
First of all, the first part was constructed to be more convenient 
to maintain and manage the tunnel as making it possible to 
display the planning plane figure and the vertical cross section 
together and especially, to be more adaptable to the 
management of present constructing state and construction as 
making it possible to show before and after the execution of 
excavation and the excavation-executing parts in the real time. 
The second part was constructed to perform data management 
on the excavated cross section of tunnel in priority. Especially, 
it was constructed to make it possible to see the outbreak 
quantity, the underbreak quantity and total excavation quantity, 
etc of excavated cross section along with the neighboring cross 
section to the excavated cross section. 
Figure 23. Configuration of cross section management system 
in tunnel 
Regarding to the calculating principle of tunnel excavation 
quantity, the calculating formula that if the standard horizontal 
cross section and the excavated cross section are compared, the 
excavation quantity of excavated cross section is calculated, if 
the difference of outbreak quantity and underbreak quantity is 
calculated from the above excavation quantity, the outbreak 
quantity and the underbreak quantity are calculated and the sum 
of outbreak quantity and underbreak quantity should be equal to 
the difference of the standard horizontal cross section and the 
excavated cross section was used. 
The flowchart of calculation is as per Figure24 and the results 
that this calculating formula was applied to the excavated cross 
section of tunnel were appeared like Figure25. 
Figure 22. Characteristics of cross section management system 
in tunnel 
And it was constructed to perform more efficient maintenance 
and management as showing such results on the excavating 
quantity as the graph like Figure26.