1070 
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B5. Beijing 2008 
-4, 
Error functi on 
Measured relative errors 
0>l0l0|()(0C0C0S<0(0(o<ftiftin|Si 
C^OOr^TfCNOOCDTfCNOOOcSTp^N 
»T t g 8 ST ST 3 R s 
Relative distance (m) 
Figure 6. Measured relative errors at relative distances (0-4 m) 
and their error bars. 
Figure 7. Measured relative errors at relative distances (4-29 m) 
and their error bars. 
In Figure 6 the relative distances are shown within the range of 
0-4 m with sampling interval of 0.1 m. In Figure 7 the relative 
distances of 4-29 m are shown, and the sampling interval was 
approximately 0.45 m. 
Figures 8 and 9 describe the obtained error functions in blue 
(see Eq. 2) solved by Fourier analysis. The other curve in red in 
the graphs is the same relative error at relative distances 
measured by laser scanner and tacheometer as in Figs. 6 and 7 
but without error bars. 
(mm) 
Error function 
Measured relative errors 
-4 o o o 
000000100)010105 
onisoiN<tcooniooi 
<4 04 04 CO—W W Hi 
Relative distance (m) 
Figure 8. Graph of the error function and measured relative 
errors at relative distances (0-4 m). 
Figure 9. Graph of the error function and measured relative 
errors at relative distances (4-29 m). 
Adjustment residuals e n seen in Figs. 10 and 11 are calculated 
from the data illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. The residuals are the 
adjusted errors subtracted by the measured errors at relative 
distances (0-4 m) and (4-29 m). Figure 10 shows the residuals 
of the 0.1 m sampling intervals and Figure 11 illustrates the 
residuals of the 0.45 m sampling intervals. The standard errors 
of the unit weight m 0 in both interval adjustments are described 
in Eq. 5 and in Table 4. 
e n = residual= adjusted relative error-measured relative error 
_ 2>7 
m ° = „ 
V N-u 
where u=2M+l 
(5) 
Figure 10. Adjustment residuals at relative distances (0-4 m). 
Figure 11. Adjustment residuals at relative distances (4-29 m).