The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008
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Cultural relics are distinct in some bands of hyperspectral
imagery because soil ingredients, moisture and the growth
differences of vegetation related to historical relics cause
absorption and reflectance anomalies. For example, the pseudo
color composition image of band 62, band 63 and band 64
clearly show the westward mausoleum passage and the
underground palace of MEQ. See Figure 3.
Figure 3 The westward tomb passage and
the underground palace
2.1,2 2.2.2 Thermal Infrared Image Processing
According to the simultaneous temperatures and spectra
measurements of ground surface and the pixel values on thermal
infrared bands of the same points in OMIS images, temperature
retrieval model is set up by regression analyses.
Formula 2 gives an example model in Shenhe tableland area.
T=-2.446+0.0152*DN (2)
where T = retrieval radiant temperature value of ground surface
DN = pixel value in thermal band image
Figure 4 Pseudo color composition of night time
thermal infrared image
The coefficient between the calculated value and measured
temperature is 0.946; the mean error is 0.378°C. Radiant
temperature image can be acquired after calculation of the
whole thermal band.
In order to enlarge the differences of ground information and
identify anomalies easily, enhancement of image is carried out.
Figure 4 is a pseudo color composition image of thermal
infrared bands of the pyramid-shaped mound of MEQ, which
shows the moisture changes caused by the Underground Dam,
and the thermal anomalies of the Pyramid-shaped Mound, and
also shows the underground temperature differences and
indicates the location of the Underground Palace under the
Pyramid-shaped Mound.
3. EXPLORATION VERIFICATION
In November 2004, Archeological Institute of Shaanxi Province
and Geological Investigation Bureau of China applied shovel
drilling and geophysical exploration that confirmed the location
of the Westward Tomb Passage, the Underground Dam and the
Underground Palace of MEQ were in accordance with the
remote sensing interpretation results. After two months’ hard
working, what we had interpreted were proved right by the
results of both drilling and geophysical exploration.
In spring of 2006, Archeological Institute of Shaanxi Province
selected 8 anomaly areas to confirm the remote sensing
interpretation results by shovel drilling in Shenhe tableland.
They found that 7 of them had ancient tombs and relics. In these
8 anomaly areas about 46 ancient tombs, 8 ancient rubbish pits,
hundreds of recent and contemporary tombs and about 10
ancient active loess pits were found. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show
hyperspectral information extraction and verification of No.l
anomaly area.
Figure 5 Sketch map of No.l anomaly area