The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008 
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3. METHODOLOGY 
The process involved the following major steps: 
• Aerial Phoptography on sales 1:10,000 and 1:4,000 using 
RMK TOP 30/23 
• Providing Ground Control Points using DGPS 
• Generation of digital Ortho images on UTM projection 
and WGS84 datum for entire district excluding forest and 
water areas 
• Generating images on scale 
• Identification of ownerships on the ground in the presence 
of owners 
• Total Station Survey where identification on images was 
not possible 
• Generating Land Parcel maps (LPMs) with measurements 
and other field collected information on laptops in field 
• Delivering the LPMs to owners 
• Title process 
Initially, there was a lot of movement of persons and records 
between Nizamabad and Hyderabad ( about 200 km ) causing 
delay in distribution of LPMs to owners. In this 
approach, persons demarcating parcels on the ground were 
different from those transferring from bromide prints to ortho 
images. After experimenting with several 
methodologies/approaches a modified model/approach has 
been evolved and streamlined for field work. 
Field teams are organized in the following manner : 
• Demarcating parcels on ground and identifying them on 
the bromide print 
• Transferring boundaries from bromide print to ortho 
images on Lap top and generating land parcel maps 
In this model farmers generally got LPMs within 24 - 48 hours 
and they are happy about it. When farmers are helping the 
demarcation work by comparing with bromide print they are 
excited to identify micro-details in their farms on the 
photographs. In the past it used to take several months/years to 
supply LPMs. Villagers are not able to believe that parcel maps 
can be made available within such a short time after ground 
survey, that too in India. Their confidence levels have gone up 
because of the scientific and transparent approach 
In the new model, persons who demarcate on the ground and 
transfer from bromide print to ortho image are the same, thus 
ensuring accuracy, efficiency and saving of time. 
Total Station is used for village boundaries and for surveying 
such details which are not identifiable on the photographs. It 
was interesting to know that one team completes about 70 acres 
per day, perhaps the out-turn of traditional survey team in one 
month. In April 2008, 1,50,000 acres have been completed, 
indicating mproved out-turn with experience. Another 
interesting aspect is that there are 25 Lap Tops with printers 
available with the survey teams in the field area for providing 
on the spot village maps. This project has created employment 
opportunities to the rural areas and also the opportunity to work 
on their lands. Local knowledge proved to be a plus point in 
these operations. 
The feed back points obtained from the villagers based on the 
distributed LPM are promptly attended and rectified to the 
extent possible. Objections on LPMs was a mere 1.6% thus 
establishing credibility of the adopted system. This speedy and 
efficient system of service has provided a high level of 
satisfaction to the farmers. 
Thus, the efficient technology of Digital Photogrammetry has 
reached grass root levels to serve the villagers/farmers and help 
development projects - a most important mapping need of the 
country. 
Whenever Resurveys/fresh surveys are done, particularly after 
decades of gap as in India, the present data will not agree with 
old data. Acceptance of the owners should be made legally 
possible. This has to be tackled under the existing rules or new 
rules, to ensure eventually clear and proper title to the owners.