The Encyclopaedia Britannica: G - Got

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1048861678

Title:: VIIIth International Congress of Photogrammetry

Sub title:: Stockholm, Sweden, July 17 - 26, 1956

Year of publication:: 1957

Place of publication:: Stockholm

Identifier (digital):: 1048861678

Write comment:: Konferenzschrift; Beiträge teilweise deutsch

Parallel title:: Paralleltitel: VIIIe Congrès International de Photogrammétrie

Reihe:: International archives of photogrammetry (12)

Language:: English

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Other Title:: Paralleltitel: VIIIe Congrès International de Photogrammétrie

Editor:: Fagerholm, P. O.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1048997537

Title:: National reports

Sub title:: Stockholm, Sweden, July 17 - 26, 1956

Scope:: circa 260 Seiten in verschiedenen Seitenzählungen

Year of publication:: 1957

Place of publication:: Stockholm

Identifier (digital):: 1048997537

Write comment:: Konferenzschrift

Parallel title:: Paralleltitel: Rapports nationaux

Reihe:: International archives of photogrammetry (12,2)

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(12,2)

Language:: French

Publisher of the original:: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]

Other Title:: Paralleltitel: Rapports nationaux

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Contributor:: Lycken, L. E.; Thunberg, A.; Öhlin, K. A.

Editor:: Fagerholm, P. O.

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: NATIONAL REPORT ON PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN PAKISTAN

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Total Tonnage of Ships, 1876. G BERMANY | With Cargo. | In Ballast. [Not for Trade. Total. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Hnteredic o 6,072,000 505,000 | 130,000 | 6,585,000 lCleered_ ......... 4,100,000 | 2,619,000 | 128,000 | 6,726,000 Only 44 per cent. of the ships that trade with German ports sail under the German flag. British ships have a very considerable trade in Geerman ports. They constitute 32 per cent. of the total tonnage, and as much as 47 per cent. of the tonnage of steam vessels. Denmark follows next with 7-2 per cent., Sweden 48, Norway 46, Russia 23, Holland 21, France 1'2, United States 12, Italy 05, other countries 0'4. The number of voyages in all made by German ships in 1876 was 45,492, of which 12,963 were made between German ports. Much more consider- able, however, is the trade of German ships between the home ports and foreign countries, as the subjoined table will show, while no fewer than 9777 voyages were made in 1876 [coMMERCE, Bremerhafen and Geestemiinde, d&e. (in all, 129 square miles with 593,040 inhabitants, in 1875), besides some communes in Baden adjoining the Lake of Constance (22 square miles, 5236 inhabitants). On the other hand ths grand-duchy of Luxembourg (998 square miles, with 205,158 inhabitants in 1875) and the small Austrian com- mune of Jungholz 206 inhabitants), near Fiissen, belong to the German Zollverein. The collection of duties is function of the empire. The following table shows the re- sults of the official calculations of the imports into Germany for 1872-76, and also the values of the exports, but in the case of these it is only the figures for the years 1872-74 that are official. The numbers for 1875 and 1876 are those published by Professor Laspeyres in the Fconomiste Lrancals. by Germn vessels witheut calling at any home port :— Number| Tounage | Number ., of Ships | of Ships | of Ships| Tonnage with with i SAke in e Cargo. | Cargo. |Ballast.|'™ Dallust, Home trade (average of entered) a mr = 99 and cleared ships?)".....,...........j 12,968 677,000 5,194 = Foreign fentd. into German ports 8,002 ! 1,984.000 710 79.000 trade Jcleared from , Ay 5,449 | 1,552,000 | 8,397 602,000 Voyages of German ships bé-l aa 9 tween foreign ports veeeeeveecennns = a0 o SPLL000 | 2, RET ) eell 000 Totaloitinh 33,364 17,429,000 12,128 | 1,782,000 There were 5544 voyages made between non-German ports in Europe, the greater number being between one English port and another. Many German vessels also run between the Baltic ports of Russia and Sweden. From European ports 993 vessels sailed for non-European ports, and 869 returned thence to Europe. Here also the greater number ran from Great Britain to the United States, the West Indies, and South America, 2371 ships made their voyages without touching at European ports. Most of these were engaged in the coasting trade in the Chinese Seas, on the South American coasts, and in the West Indies. As regards the shipping of the most important German ports, the following table will show the total tonnage of ships entered and cleared in 1876 :— 1 Ports. { Tonnage ’ Ports. Tonnage. Hamburg ........... | L 106000 Kiel 608,000 Bremerhafen ...... 1,300,000 i Billane 6 = 440,000 Stettinseas = 1,144,000 | Konigsberg ........| 418,000 Neufahrwasser 780.000 Geestemiinde, ...... 378,000 (Dantzic).... £ Memelnnn = 352,000 Fubeekei=t = = = 646,000 | Swinemiinde.......| 332,000 CoMMERCE, Statistics relating to the foreign trade of the empire are necessarily confined to very recent times. The quantities of such imported articles as are liable to duty have indeed been known for many years; and some years ago an attempt was also made o compile official tables showing the value both of imports and of exports. But when the results of these tables proved the importation to be very much greater than the exportation, the conviction arose that the valuation of the exports was erroneous, and below the reality. There is no compulsory declaration of such goods, and conse- quently the attempt to compute statistics of this nature has been abandoned since 1875. It must at the outset be observed that the customs frontier does not coincide with the political frontier of Germany, for it does not take in the free-port territories of Hamburg and Cuxhaven, Bremen, t Years. | Imports. Exports. { Transit. | { 1872 £173,400,006 | £124,700,000 £54,700,000 1873 212,800,000 124,400,000 61,700,000 1874 183,700,000 121,600,000 1875 176,500,000 | 127,400,000 1876 \ 190,200,000 | 127,600,000 Average...! 187,100,000 125,200,000 | The extremely slight variation which this table shows in the exports of the several years from 1872 to 1876 appears so improbable that we can hardly venture to make it a basis of calculation, or to draw a conclusion so unfavourable to the trading balance of Germany as the figures would suggest. The proportion per head of population is, as regards imports and exports respectively, about £4, 10s. and £3, whereas the proportion in Great Britain in 1876 amounted inthe one case to £11, 10s. and in the other to £06, thus showing the German trade to be less than half that of England. ~The statistical tables do not specify the several foreign markets for imports and exports ; they only give the value of imports on the different frontiers. Total Value of Impoits, Fl'OHtiCl‘S. R e i e 1875. 1876. Millions., Millions. North Sea line, including Bremen and ) £566 £69-4 Hapibive,. v o0 s § Demnatke i o st e 1-0 10 WS EA L s e e e e 190 192 Ansteian e i e b i 3259 3678 Switwttlandic o e e e e 80 92 Hiranes v e S e 13-3 12:1 Beloinim 2oii i 0wt o e 163 163 HollandirSn s oan st il 20 d 28-8 By post, or frontier not stated............. 50 49 Potal -z @ee s 176°5 1902 According to the official trade returns of Great Britain, France, and other countries, the trade between Germany and these countries is very considerable. By the English tables the importation from Germany to British ports was in 1875-76 between £21,000,000 and £22,600,000; the exportation to Germany in 1875 was £23,300,000, and in 1876, £20,100,000. The movement of trade is shown in the following tables of the principal articles imported and exported. We begin with articles of consumption :— 1872. 1877. ’ Articles. Imports. , Exports. Imports. ’ Exports. Animals, except horses..No 1,490,000 1,719,000 Grainand floumr . .2 Herrings ... Coffee . Sugar WiHe S G 5 Beer i s Hops s o e FODACCO e eyt Cwis. | 28,800,000 | 21,860,000 Barrels. 691,000 Sox Cwts.| 1,855,000 . 879.000 | 264,000 i 817,000 | 400,000 e 100,000 | 590,000 i 25.000 | 142000 , | 1,128,000 | 140,00 2,443,000 | 1,848,000 73,070,000 | 39,600,000 667,000 eos 1,916,000 155,000 | 1,802,000 1,182,000 | 880,000 300,000( 1,280,000 36,000 | 162,000 1,043,000 | 120,000

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