The Cyclopædia;: [A.-Ama.]

Booker, J.; Saunders, R.; Whiteside, E.; Strahan, Andrew; Cuthell, J.; Bagster, Samuel; Mawman, Joseph; Scholey, Robert; Booth, J.; Dickinson, John; Paterson, John; Rees, Abraham

Bibliographic data

Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 166358480X

Title:: Encyklopædie der Naturwissenschaften

Type of content:: Aufsatzsammlung

Year of publication:: 1879

Place of publication:: Breslau

Publisher of the original:: Verlag von Eduard Trewendt

Identifier (digital):: 166358480X

Language:: German

Editor:: Jaeger, Gustav; Kenngott, Johann Gustav Adolf

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663612013

Title:: Handbuch der Botanik

Scope:: VIII, 781 Seiten

Year of publication:: 1890

Place of publication:: Breslau

Publisher of the original:: Verlag von Eduard Trewendt

Identifier (digital):: 1663612013

Illustration:: Illustrationen

Signature of the source:: a 245(1,1,4)

Language:: German

Other Title:: 1. Abtheilung, 1. Theil: Handbuch der Botanik

Usage licence:: Public Domain Mark 1.0

Contributor:: Detmer, Wilhelm; Drude, Oscar

Editor:: Schenk, Joseph August; Ladenburg, Albert; Kenngott, Johann Gustav Adolf

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Biology; Natural sciences

Chapter

Title:: [I.] Die fossilen Pflanzenreste von Prof. Dr. Schenk.

Write comment:: Zur weiteren Unterteilung wurden die Überschriften herangezogen.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: Leitbündelverlauf der Farne.

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

ABRAHAM. wholly upon his Providence, by removing, at his {pecial command, from his own kindred and country, to an un- known diftant land, which he would fhew him, afluring him of his prefence and fpecial bleffing. Accordingly, foon after his fettlement in Canaan, probably within two or three years, notwithftanding the renewal of the divine promife, that this land fhould be given to his pofterity, he was forced by a grievous famine to remove into Egypt. Many chrono- logers fix the commencement of the 430 years, during which the Ifraelites continued in this country, at this period. Here Sarah, though fhe had previoufly confented, for her own fecu- rity and that of Abraham, to be called his fifter, was forcibly taken away by the king of Egypt ; who, captivated by her beauty, defigned to have made her his wife. But the king was punifhed in an extraordinary manner for the injuftice of his condu&, reftored her without violation, and gave or- ders, that Abraham, and his wife, with all that belonged to them, might fafely depart from his dominions. The famine having ceafed in Canaan, he returned to the fituation near Bethel, which he had left, and where he had ereéted an altar, and devoutly acknowledged his happy deliverance. Abra- ham, being under the neceflity of {eparating from Lot, his nephew, on account of the increafe of their fubftance, and the contention of their refpeive herdfmen, removed to the plain of Mamre, in Hebron. Here he formed an alliance with three of the principal perfons of the country, by whofk affiftance he refcued Lot, who had been taken captive, and reftored him, his family, and his whole property, to his former habitation, A.M. 2092. At his return, as he pafled near Salem, fuppofed to be the city afterwards called Jeru- falem, he met Melchizedec, who was king of that city, and ¢ prieft of the Moft High God,” and received from him tokens of fpecial favour. Soon after this event the divine promife was again renewed to him, and accompanied with circumftances of peculiar encouragement. It was particu- larly revealed to him, that his pofterity fhould {ojourn, and be affli®ed in a ftrange land 400 years ; at the expiration of which, God would interpofe for the punifhment of their oppreflors, and for their refcue. Thefe years are to be rec- koned, not from their coming into Egypt, but from the birth of Ifaac. For during the whole time of their {ojourn- ing in the land of Canaan and elfewhere, they were in a ftrange land, in which they had not a foot of ground, if we except the cave of Machpelah. The meaning of this prophecy to Abraham, therefore, can only be this, that his feed from Ifaac forward fhould be ftrangers in a land that was not theirs, for the {pace of 400 years, during {ome part of which they fhould be opprefled, and at length brought un- der bondage ; which term being expired, they fhould find a happy deliverance. After the renewal of this promife, Abraham married Hagar, who was recommended to him by Sarah, and whofe children fhe defigned to adopt and educate as her own, according to the cuftom which was common in thofe times. By Hagar he had a fon, who was called Ithmael, A.M. 2094. When the patriarch had attained the age of 99 years, A.M. 2107. ante A.D. 1897, God was pleafed to ratify his former covenant with him, by changing his name from 4bram, tormed of DN, father, and [ exalted, to Abraham, derived from 31T AN, father of a great multitude, afluring him that he would make him the father of many nations, Gen. xvii. 5. As a token and confirmation of the covenant now made with him, he enjoined him to be circumcifed, and to circum- cife all the males of his family ; and he promifed that, within 2 year, he fhould have a fon by his wife, whofe name was now changed from Sarai, q. d. my princefs, to Sarah, the princefs. 'This fon was to be called Jfaac ; to him belonged the covenant and promife ; and in his feed all the nations of 11 the earth were to be blefled. The promife of a fon was again renewed by thofe celeftial meflengers, who announced to him the deftru&ion of Sodom. His interceflion on be- half of this devoted city, though in the iffue unavailing, forms a diftinguifhing circumftance in his hiftory. Soon after this event, Abraham removed to the country of the Philiftines, and {ojourned in Gerar, where an incident oc- curred fimilar to that which had happened in Egypt. See AsiveLEcH. Ifaac was born at the appointed {eafon, 452 years after the flood, and A.M. 2108.. But within 25 years after this joyful event, upon which depended the ac- complifhment of the divine promife, and of the patriarch’s hopes, Ifaac was demanded as a burnt-facrifice, and Abraham was ordered to prefent the offering on mount Moriah. The event, with all the circumitances that attended it, is well known. The order was countermanded, and the patriarch, in confequence of this fignal trial of his faith and obedience, obtained a folemn renewal of all the divine covenants and promifes. -In the year 488 after the flood, A.M. 2144, Sarah died at Hebron, and was buried in the cave of Mach- pelah, which Abraham purchafed as a burying-place, of the fons of Heth, for 400 pieces of filver, amounting, at the rate of 3s. for a fhekel, to 6o/. of our money. This pur- chafe was made, according to the cuftom of ancient times, at the gates of Hebron. Abraham having married his fon Ifaac to Rebekah, the daughter of Nahor, his brother, at the age of 141 years, took another wife, named Keturah, by whom he had fix fons. Thefe he portioned, that they might not interfere with Ifaac’s inheritance; and they went to the eaft of Beerfheba, and the land of Canaan, and fettled in both Arabias, the Petrza and Deferta, where fome traces of their names are ftill to be perceived. This venerable patriarch died in the 175th year of his age, 527 years after the flood, A.M. 2183, ante A.D. 1821, and was buried by his two fons, Ifaac and Ifhmael, in the cave of Machpelah, near Sarah, his wife. To the above abftra& of the hiftory of Abraham, recorded in the book of Genefis, it may not be improper to fubjoin a few particulars colle¢ted from other fources. Terah, the father of Abraham, it is faid, (Suidas in voc. ACeaap and Teewy, Lex. tom.i. & ii.) made ftatues and images for the purpofes of that idolatrous worfhip, which had been tranfmitted to him from his anceftor Serug, and which he encouraged by example and exhortation, Some Jewifh au- thors relate (apud Genebrand. in Chron.) that Abraham purfued the {fame occupation ; and Maimonides ( More Ne- vochim, c. 29.) fays, that he was educated in the religion of the Sabzans, who acknowledged no deity but the ftars, and that he was led by his own refleGtion to the belief of an intelligent Creator and Governor of the univerfe ; but that he did not renounce paganifm till the soth year of his age. That he was brought up in the religion of the Sabzans is an opinion adopted by Spencer, de Lieg. Heb. Ritual. lib. . ¢. 1. § 2. vol. i. 279." See Samarsm. Suidas (ubi fupra) informs us, that at 16 years of age he cautioned his father againft feducing men to idolatry for the {fake of per- nicious gain, and taught him that there is no other God befides him who dwells in heaven, and created the whole world. t is added, that he deftroyed the ftatues and images of his father, and departed with him from Chaldza. Others relate (Heidegger Hift. Patriarch. tom. iii. p. 36.) that his father deputed Abraham to fell his ftatues in his abfence, and that a man, who pretended to be a purchafer, having afcertained that he was 5o years of age, remon- ftrated with him for adoring at fuch an age, a being which is but a day old. Abraham, impreft and confounded by this remonftrance, deftroyed them all, excepting the largeit, before before h prefentec them, in others tc this was this man upon his was deliv country, ing to his from whi Lingua § traGted f Jerome, ( :_its genera X 7. CXJ Chaldeans notes fire, have give: Abraham and famil that fuper he was p that he co the Deity piety, and the world Hecatzus, tigs 'k i, ¢ alfo from polemus, . feen in E 19. His Eatt to tl P- 30.) i and aftrolc Suidas, ub aftronomy language ; ary truth accounts Jews, Ar: him, the p zirah, or ; is mention by feveral and tranilz Latin, wi Jew, and ham’s Res denominat: tioned by notice of vyhich twa tion. . Tt fome pray againit Id informs us are now lc micus ; an learn, that the plains tery of the Indians be their grea who have from that

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