XXII ISPRS Congress 2012: Technical Commission VII

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Multivolume work

Persistent identifier:: 1663813779

Title:: XXII ISPRS Congress 2012

Sub title:: Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663813779

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Kongress-Thema: Imaging a sustainable future

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Document type:: Multivolume work

Volume

Persistent identifier:: 1663821976

Title:: Technical Commission VII

Scope:: 546 Seiten

Year of publication:: 2013

Place of publication:: Red Hook, NY

Publisher of the original:: Curran Associates, Inc.

Identifier (digital):: 1663821976

Illustration:: Illustrationen, Diagramme

Signature of the source:: ZS 312(39,B7)

Language:: English

Additional Notes:: Erscheinungsdatum des Originals ist ermittelt.; Literaturangaben

Usage licence:: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Corporations:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Adapter:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Founder of work:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Other corporate:: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Congress, 22., 2012, Melbourne; International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Publisher of the digital copy:: Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

Place of publication of the digital copy:: Hannover

Year of publication of the original:: 2019

Document type:: Volume

Collection:: Earth sciences

Chapter

Title:: [VII/4: METHODS FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION]

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

Chapter

Title:: ALBEDO PATTERN RECOGNITION AND TIME-SERIES ANALYSES IN MALAYSIA S. A. Salleh, Z. Abd Latif, W. M. N. Wan Mohd, A. Chan

Document type:: Multivolume work

Structure type:: Chapter

fic gh ne ral vn 1at nd en nd id 6S on te nd sic for on ct re rth he ıth ed for the MODIS land product image format conversion and coordinates transformation. 2.3 Spatial Data Preparation and Analyses This study is conducted according to three major phases. The three major phases comprises of data dissemination, data reproduction and transformation and finally data analyses. Figure 2 illustrate the processes involved in retrieving albedo. MODIS LBl MRT TOOLS: CONVERSION AND TRANSFORMATION MODIS Li MCDA2A? LAXER STACKING AND ADDITIONAL OFFSET AND MULTIPLY FACTOR LAYER STACKING TO USE r- FRACTION OF DIFFUSE SKYLIGHT VALUE ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION: FLAASH, 55 CODE, MODTRAN SUBSET FILL VALUE: 23.676, BSA AND WSA TO USE: Whitz-sk» Albadg * [optical dapth, solar zanith anelz. azrosol t-p2, band) — Black-sk- Albado* {1 - Koptical dapth, solar zsnith anzla, azrosol t-p2, band) TOUSE LIANG' S MODEL LAND SURFACE ALBEDO :L53) Figure 2. Albedo Retrieval Processes The yearly and seasonal variations of land surface albedo for the study are is derived according to the following steps: 1. The MODIS data (MCD43A3) were projected into WGS84 and converted into GeoTIFF format and Binary format using the MRT tools. 2. The Black Sky Albedo (BSA) and White Sky Albedo (WSA) were then stacked into separate. 3. The fraction of diffuse skylight (s) is identified using pre-determined lookup table and simulated beforehand using the 6S code. The five parameters needed to perform the simulation are as follows (Wang et al. 2011; Zhao et al. 2001). 4. Geometrical Condition (value of solar zenith and azimuthal angle, satellite zenith and azimuthal angle and Julian Calendar of satellite revisit) 5. Atmospheric Model (tropical, mid latitude etc.) and Aerosol Model Type (LUT AOT550) 6. Ground and Sensor Altitude (0 represents ground surface and -1000 for sensor onboard satellite at outside atmosphere) 7. Spectral bands (MODIS 500m 7 Bands data is pre- defined in 6S Model) 8. Surface Reflectance Characteristics (homogeneous and non-uniform surface) 9. The statistical of multi-temporal surface albedo were calculated. 10. Visualization and Mapping Based on BSA, WSA and the s (fraction of diffuse skylight) determined in previous steps, the actual albedo can be calculated according to (Zhang et al. 2010). p =(1-s[6,7(2)}pair ^ s[8.c(A)]odif () where p -the actual albedo s =the fraction of diffuse skylight © = Solar Zenith Angle International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia T = atmospheric optical depth A = wavelength pdir = the Black Sky Albedo pdif =the White Sky Albedo The s value in this study is based on the Fresnel Reflectance coefficient light (Jerlov, 1976) which is set to 0.06 (Ambarwulan, 2010). The designs of analyses are based on daily, yearly and according to Malaysia's Monsoon (Monthly) variation. Malaysia seasonal breakdown are as Table 1. Monsoon Period Characteristics Northeast Nov- Winds 10-20 knots upto 30 Knots during Mar cold surges period affecting east coast region. Heavy Rainfall Inter- Apr- Frequent Period of Thunderstorm in monsoon May afternoon and evening hour with heavy Oct - rainfall causing flash flood. Nov Southwest May- Winds below 15 knots affecting west coast Sept region. Drier weather. Table 1. Monsoon regimes in Malaysia. (MMD,(Shafie, 2009)). 3. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS The analyses for this study are separated into three types of series i.e. diurnally, yearly and according to monsoons. Tropical country like Malaysia received extensive variation of weather condition. Daily average will overshadow these effects as it will suppress the highest and lowest condition. This will eliminate the most remarkable and significance condition one can find. The yearly analyses show the impact of land use and land cover changes with respect to the yearly average albedo in Malaysia. While the monsoon analyses enable us to recognise the albedo behaviour and its pattern changes with respect to the local climate condition and subsequently it's dynamic towards local weather parameters. The following paragraphs will explain the results of these analyses. 3.1 Result 1: The Time-series Analyses (Daily) The average daily albedo of maximum and minimum value from 2000-2009 is 0.254144 and 0.002025 respectively. Though, the highest daily albedo marked at 0.37566 at day 145 in 2005 and the lowest daily albedo value is 0.00005 at day 41 in 2004. The variation of daily albedo in terms of its maximum value shows varies distribution over the years. As illustrated in Figure 3, there is no certain linear trend of albedo for day 1 until day 361. It can be inferred that this values are influences by the surface properties, monsoon variation and also the diffusion of skylight. This graph is plotted using real reflectance values not the daily average values. 8 Days Time-Series Albedo 2000 - 2009 ann OQ 0 eee 200 1 o 2002 mme 200 3 2004 2007 2008 2009 oa 0.35 a3 0.25 0.2 f 015} Albedo 0.05 | o 1 17 33 49 65 B1 9/ 113129 115 167 177 293 209 225211 25 / 273 289 305 321 337 353 Day of Year Figure 3. Daily Albedo 2000 - 2009

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